Write about Major hurdles in Indo-Pak ties in 20 words. (08/2)
Terrorist activities and mutual distrust have clouded India-Pakistan relations. To what extent the use of soft power like sports and cultural exchanges could help generate goodwill between the two countries? Discuss with suitable examples. (15/12)
Kashmir Issue
Why has the Siachen Glacier been in the news? What could be the main purpose behind the Indo-Pak parleys on the issue? (89/5)
Explain in brief the observations made by the leaders of the Group of Eight countries in their meeting in Cologne on Kargil intrusion by Pakistan. (99/10)
India’s Kargil victory rested on its successful effort at combining diplomacy with the use of force. Discuss. (00/15)
What do you know about Siachen Dispute? (00/2)
Why does India object to Kashmir being treated as a ‘disputed territory’? (01/2)
Write brief note on your views on the recent “Gilgit Baltistan Empowerment and Self-Governance’ Order 2009. (09/5)
Peace, Summits and Talks
Where and when was the meeting between the Prime Minister of India and Pakistan held in 1997? What were the main decisions taken and what follow up action has been taken? (97/30)
What does the UNCIP stand for? (01/1)
Discuss the importance of the Agra Summit on Indo-Pakistan relations. (03/2)
What has been the nature of “Track II diplomacy” between India and Pakistan? (03/2)
Answer the following in 20 words: Hot Line between Islamabad and New Delhi. (04/2)
Write about Shimla Agreement in 20 words. (06/2)
Misc.
Write about Pakistan’s role in Sri Lanka. (06/10)
What has been the clinching evidence about the receipt of M-11 missiles by Pakistan? (95/6)
Discuss the role played by the United States in promoting/hindering improved relations between India and Pakistan. (04/15)
Bangladesh
Why is India raising barbed wire fencing on Bangladesh border? (50 words) (84/10)
Discuss the developments which led to the setting up of a caretaker government in Bangladesh. (96/6)
What is the significance of Pyrdiwah and Boraibari in Indo-Bangladesh relations? (01/2)
How does India benefit from good neighbourly relations with Bangladesh? (20 words) (03/2)
Discuss the major irritants to Indo-Bangladesh relations. (03/2)
India’s response to political crisis in Bangladesh. (07/15)
Write about India-Bangladesh Border Road cum fencing in 20 words. (08/2)
The protests in Shahbag Square in Dhaka in Bangladesh reveal a fundamental split in society between the nationalists and Islamic forces. What is its significance for India? (13/10)
Nepal
Why was a referendum held recently in Nepal? What was its result? Does it affect in any way the bilateral relations between India and Nepal? Give reasons for your answer. (80/10)
What are the differences in the approaches of India and Nepal to the transit-trade question? How is this question complicated by other issues? (About 250 words) (89/35)
Briefly describe the pro-democracy Movement in Nepal and its latest outcome. (90/10)
In what sense is Indo-Nepal cooperation important for both countries’ national security? (03/2)
Answer the following: Weak-spots in India-Nepal relations. (04/2)
Write about Madheshis in Nepal. (07/2)
Discuss the contentious issues that have caused the prolonged constitutional logjam in Nepal. (12/5)
Bhutan
Write notes on Indo-Bhutan Relations in about 150 words. (08/30)
Write in about 50 words: Indo-Bhutan trade relations. (09/5)
Sri Lanka
What is the Tamil problem of Sri Lanka? Why is India involved in it? What efforts have been made by India to solve this problem? (84/15)
Has the IPKF been able to achieve the goal set before it by the terms of the Indo-Sri Lanka Agreement? What are the options available to India? (88/20)
Discuss Indian-Sri Lankan relations in recent years. (00/15)
Explain India’s stand on LTTE. (02/2)
In respect of India-Sri Lanka relations, discuss how domestic factors influence foreign policy. (13/10)
‘India is an age-old friend of Sri Lanka.’ Discuss India’s role in the recent crisis in Sri Lanka in the light of the preceding statement. (22/10)
Myanmar
What has been the significant event in Myanmar? What may be the possible outcome of the event? (90/5)
What role has India to play in the recent happenings in Myanmar? (About 50 words) (94/6)
Write about Military rule in Myanmar. (05/10)
Write in about 50 words: Sino-Myanmar relations. (09/5)
Examine the recent developments towards the solution of the Bangladesh - Myanmar maritime boundary dispute. What implications do these have for India. (10/12)
Maldives
Discuss the political developments in Maldives in the last two years. Should they be of any cause of concern to India? (200 words) (13/10)
Discuss the geopolitical and geostrategic importance of Maldives for India with a focus on Swith global trade and energy flows. Further also discuss how this relationship affects India’s maritime security and regional stability amidst international competition? (2024/15)
BILATERAL GROUPINGS AND AGREEMENTS INVOLVING INDIA AND/OR AFFECTING INDIA’S INTERESTS
India and the Global Centres of Power: USA, EU, Japan, China and Russia
India USA
How far in your opinion, is the recent Indo-US Agreement on technology transfer likely to help us? What are its disadvantages? (85/10)
How have the Indo-US relations improved during the last two years? Discuss. (100 words) (93/10)
Examine the present status of Indo-US relations. What are the major irritants in the relations between the two countries? (250 words) (94/5)
Discuss the major issues in Indo-US relations in recent times. (150 words) (03/15)
What is the ‘strategic partnership’ between India and United States of America? What are its implications for both the partners? (250 words) (06/30)
Comment: India - USA as strategic partners. (09/10)
Discuss the Indo-US knowledge initiative in Agriculture. (09/20)
Comment on the reason for the recent hike in visa processing fees for certain categories of US visas. What is the likely impact of this hike on India? (10/5)
Discuss the likely negative impact of the protectionist measures proposed by the US on India’s software industry. (12/15)
“What introduces friction into the ties between India and the United States is that Washington is still unable to find for India a position in its global strategy, which would satisfy India’s National self-esteem and ambitions.” Explain with suitable examples. (19/15)
Indo-US Defence Ties and Russian Angle
Where was the joint Indo-US Naval exercise held recently? What was its code name? (96/2)
How did U.S. respond to the problem of Cross-border terrorism in the State of Jammu and Kashmir after the Kaluchak events? (150 words) (02/15)
Write about Indo-US military cooperation in about 20 words. (06/2)
Write about Hyde Act of 2006. (07/2)
What is the significance of Indo-US defence deals over Indo-Russian defence deals? Discuss with reference to stability in the Indo-Pacific region. (2020/15)
US-China, Russia, Japan
What strategic moves have recently been made by the U.S.A. and China in the South Pacific region? Is the U.S.A. withdrawing from this region? (95/35)
How has the Taiwan issue influenced US — China relations during the last one year? (250 words) (96/30)
What are the reasons for the recent diplomatic confrontation between the U.S.A. and China? What specific measures have been taken by the U.S.A. to defuse the tension building up in the Taiwan Strait? (99/35)
Explain the China - US textile war. (05/15)
“The USA is facing an existential threat in the form of a China, that is much more challenging than the erstwhile Soviet Union.” Explain. (150 words) (2021/10)
US-Japan
Explain the background of and the reasons for the strained U.S. Japanese trade relations. (94/35)
In what respects can the recent bilateral deal between the U.S.A. and Japan be considered as mockery of the GATT treaty? (95/10)
US-Russia
What fallout can the ‘Mir’ troubles have on the future of US-Russian cooperation in space? (97/5)
What has been the role of the European Parliament? Did the recent elections to it reflect any change to member countries, particularly in Britain? (89/10)
What is European Union? (01/2)
Write about: Maastricht Treaty. (06/2)
Write about: Role of European Parliament. (06/15)
In the context of the ‘Euro-zone’ debt crisis, examine the proposed ‘six-pack’ solution. Do you think that this has a better chance of success than the earlier Stability and Growth Pact? (11/20)
Answer on European Union’s trade restrictions against India. (20 words) (04/2)
Write about Indo-EU Economic Ties. (08/2)
France
In what respects is the Prime Minister Narasimha Rao’s recent visit to France considered to be ‘most productive and useful’? (95/6)
Analyse the recent French response to India’s diplomatic efforts for promoting Indo-French friendship. (99/10)
Japan
Explain the background of and the reasons for the strained U.S. Japanese trade relations. (94/35)
In what respects can the recent bilateral deal between the U.S.A. and Japan be considered as mockery of the GATT treaty? (95/10)
How far have Japan’s principles of Hikaku San Gensoku impacted bilateral ties with India? (10/12)
Economic ties between India and Japan while growing in the recent years are still far below their potential. Elucidate the policy constraints which are inhibiting this growth. (13/10)
“The time has come for India and Japan to build a strong contemporary relationship, one involving global and strategic partnership that will have a great significance for Asia and the world as a whole.’ Comment. (2019/10)
China
Write note on China’s “peaceful rise” doctrine. (09/15)
India-China
Discuss the major irritants in Indo-China relations and highlight the latest moves to overcome these. (02/15)
Discuss the recent trends in India’s relations with China. (03/15)
Discuss the recent trends in India’s relations with China. (04/15)
Write notes on India and China: Strategy to Boost Ties. (08/30)
“China is using its economic relations and positive trade surplus as tools to develop potential military power status in Asia.” In the light of this statement, discuss its impact on India as her neighbour. (17/10)
India-China Economic Relations
What are the terms of India-China trade-pact signed recently? (84/10)
Evaluate the prospects for greater economic co-operation between India and China. (09/15)
Do you think that China’s emergence as one of the largest trading partners of India has adversely affected the settlement of the outstanding border problem? (12/25)
Global Angle: South China Sea, OBOR etc.
Trace the progress of India’s efforts for a joint counter-terrorism strategy with China. What are the likely implications of the recent Xinjiang violence on these efforts? (11/12)
What are India’s stakes in the South China Sea? (12/5)
With respect to the South China sea, maritime territorial disputes and rising tension affirm the need for safeguarding maritime security to ensure freedom of navigation and over flight throughout the region. In this context, discuss the bilateral issues between India and China. (14/12.5)
The China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is viewed as a cardinal subset of China’s larger “One Belt One Road’ initiative. Give a brief description of CPEC and enumerate the reasons why India has distanced itself from the same. (2018/10)
‘Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QUAD)’ is transforming itself into a trade bloc from a military alliance, in present times — Discuss. (2020/15)
The newly tri-nation partnership AUKUS is aimed at countering China’s ambitions in the Indo-Pacific region. Is it going to supersede the existing partnerships in the region? Discuss the strength and impact of AUKUS in the present scenario. (250 words) (2021/15)
‘Virus of Conflict is affecting the functioning of the SCO.” In the light of the above statement point out the role of India in mitigating the problems. (2023/10)
‘The West is fostering India as an alternative to reduce dependence on China’s supply chain and as a strategic ally to counter China’s political and economic dominance.” Explain this statement with examples. (2024/10)
String of Pearls
Critically examine the security and strategic implications of the so-called ‘string of pearls’ theory for India. (11/20)
What do you understand by ‘The String of Pearls’? How does it impact India? Briefly outline the steps taken by India to counter this. (200 words) (13/10)
Hong Kong and Macau
What are the arrangements made about the future of Hong Kong? What role did China play in determining its future? (85/10)
Who are the “Boat People’ of Hong Kong? What is the nature and magnitude of their problem? (91/6)
What is likely to be the impact on Hong Kong’s economy after its transfer to China? (97/6)
Why was Macau in the news recently? (01/2)
Russia
When was the Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Co-operation between the Republic of India and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics signed? What are the important provisions of the treaty and what is its duration? How has the Treaty served India’s interests? Does it affect India’s position as a prominent member of the Non-aligned Group of Nations? (81/25)
What were the highlights of the discussions held between the Indian Prime Minister and the Soviet President during the former’s visit to Moscow in July, 1990? Evaluate its impact on the future course of Indo-Soviet relations. (250 words) (90/25)
Indicate the principal issues that dominated the political debate in the presidential elections of 1996 in Russia. (96/30)
Describe the recent significant developments in Sino-Russian relations. How have the Russian people reacted to these developments? (250 words) (97/30)
Explain India’s strategic relationship with Russia. (04/15)
Write about G-8 Summit in Russia. (06/15)
Does Putin’s return as President of Russia mark a shift to a confrontationist stance in international diplomacy towards the West? (12/15)
Indo - Russian Defence Ties and US Angle
Indo - Russian Defence Co-operation. (07/15)
Write note on India-Russia Defence Ties. (09/15)
What is the significance of Indo-US defence deals over Indo-Russian defence deals? Discuss with reference to stability in the Indo-Pacific region. (2020/15)
India and the Global South: Relations with Africa and Latin America; leadership role in the demand for NIEO and WTO negotiations
Global North and Global South
What is ‘South South Commission’? When and where was it formed? Who are its President and General Secretary? What are its main objectives? (87/35)
What do you know about North-South dialogue? (02/2)
Write on South-South Cooperation. (150 words) (08/15)
Africa
Summarise the reasons for which Western Powers oppose the imposition of mandatory economic sanctions against the racist Pretoria regime. How far are these arguments valid? (86/20)
Write about India-Nigeria: Abuja Declaration in 20 words. (08/2)
Why have the resource rich African and South Asian countries remained poor for decades? Explain. (12/15)
What is the significance of the agreements signed between India and South Africa during the first official visit of President Nelson Mandela to India recently? (95/6)
What are the salient features of the political and economic relationship between India and South Africa? (11/12)
Increasing interest of India in Africa has its pros and cons. Critically examine. (17/12.5)
“If the last few decades were of Asia’s growth story, the next few are expected to be of Africa’s.” In the light of this statement, examine India’s influence in Africa in recent years. (150 words) (2021/10)
India-Africa digital partnership is achieving mutual respect, co-development and long-term institutional partnerships. Elaborate. (2025/10)
Peace and Development in Africa
What is Africa Fund? Who started it? What are its objectives? (87/10)
What were the proposals of President F.W. de Klerk on democratisation in South Africa? Why did the African National Congress break off the negotiations? What steps are being taken to resume negotiations? (92/5)
What are the causes of civil strife in Rwanda? (94/10)
What is the significance of the Robben Island? (03/2)
Discuss the causes and ramifications of hunger in Africa. (05/30)
Comment: ‘NEPAD’ and its objectives. (09/10)
Has the February agreement between the Sudanese government and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) been more successful in ending the strife in Darfur than the Abuja peace agreement of 2006? (10/12)
To what extent has the withdrawal of al-Shabaab from Mogadishu given peace a real chance in Somalia? Assess. (11/12)
Success of international intervention in Cote d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast). (11/5)
Latin America
Write short notes - Your answer should cover inter alia the points mentioned under each: Falklands War: Location of the islands: parties to the conflict: main issues involved: effect of the war on the combatant countries and the countries supporting them: effects on future military strategy. (82/20)
What are the reasons for the intensification of the border dispute between Peru and Ecuador? (95/6)
Strategies adopted by Colombia to eliminate its drug cartels. (11/5)
Recent developments in Indian Foreign policy: India’s position on the recent crisis in Afghanistan, Iraq and West Asia, growing relations with US and Israel; the vision of new world order
Afghanistan
Describe the circumstances which led to the signing of the agreement on Afghanistan. What were its terms? (88/10)
What is the Golden Triangle? Why is it notorious? (89/5)
Write a note on the political developments in Afghanistan during the last one year. (96/10)
What is the Taliban Movement? How has it influenced the geopolitical equations in Asia? (97/10)
Examine the developments in Afghanistan in the post-Taliban period. (05/15)
Briefly write about India’s role in Afghanistan today. (08/2)
Write brief note on Wakhan Corridor. (09/5)
What are the major capacity-building and reconstruction projects being undertaken by India in Afghanistan? (10/5)
The proposed withdrawal of International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) from Afghanistan in 2014 is fraught with major security implications for the countries of the region. Examine in light of the fact that India is faced with a plethora of challenges and needs to safeguard its own strategic interests. (200 words) (13/10)
Iraq and West Asia
Write about Withdrawal of Japanese Troops from Iraq. (06/2)
List the salient features of the Riyadh declaration and the bilateral agreements between India and Saudi Arabia signed earlier this year. (10/5)
Who were the main participants at the West Asian Peace Conference in Madrid and what were the main issues confronting the participants? What do you think has been achieved at the meet? (91/35)
Outline the features of latest Saudi Peace Plan for West Asia Crisis and assess its importance. (02/15)
Examine the opportunities for a lasting West Asia peace solution in the context of the ‘historic’ talks started in September 2010. (10/12)
“The causes and implications of the Jasmine Revolution and its spread are as much economic in nature as they are political.” Critically evaluate. (11/20)
The question of India’s Energy Security constitutes the most important part of India’s economic progress. Analyze India’s energy policy cooperation with West Asian Countries. (250 words) (17/15)
Groups in Middle East
What does the OIC stand for? (00/1)
What is GCC? (01/2)
Write about G.C.C. (20 words) (08/2)
Iran
Why did Iran accept the UN Security Council Resolution for a cease-fire? When did it become operative? (88/15)
Answer the following: Abu Ghraib Prisoners. (04/2)
What were the basic differences between Iraq and Kuwait which led to the recent crisis in the gulf? What were the reactions of various countries to Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait? What are the likely repercussions on India? (90/35)
Examine the latest phase of Indo-Iran relations. (01/15)
Explain the political and economic implications of the Indo-Iran gas pipeline. (05/15)
How have the US sanctions against Iran affected India’s bilateral relations with Iran? (12/10)
Israel
When and why did India establish full diplomatic relations with Israel? (92/6)
What recent developments have been responsible for bringing India and Israel closer? What progress has been made in this direction during the last one year? Discuss. (93/35)
What is HAMAS? (94/6)
Discuss the impact of change of government in Israel on the West Asia peace process. (96/6)
Answer the following: India-Israel Cooperation. (04/2)
Answer the following: ICJ verdict on Israel’s erection of barrier on the West Bank. (04/2)
Write about: Camp David Accords of 1978. (05/2)
Write about India-Israel cooperation in the field of agriculture. (06/2)
Do you agree with the view that Israel is a ‘natural ally’ of India? (10/12)
“India’s relations with Israel have, of late, acquired a depth and diversity, which cannot be rolled back”. Discuss. (18/10)
How will I2U2 (India, Israel, UAE and USA) grouping transform India’s position in global politics? (22/15)
Central Asia
List the Central Asian Republics and identify those of particular strategic and economic importance to India. Examine the opportunities and bottlenecks in enhancing relations with these countries. (11/20)
A number of outside powers have entrenched themselves in Central Asia, which is a zone of interest to India. Discuss the implications, in this context, of India’s joining the Ashgabat Agreement, 2018. (18/10)
Critically analyse India’s evolving diplomatic, economic and strategic relations with the Central Asian Republics (CARs) highlighting their increasing significance in regional and global geopolitics. (2024/10)
REGIONAL AND GLOBAL GROUPINGS AND AGREEMENTS INVOLVING INDIA AND/OR AFFECTING INDIA’S INTERESTS
UN
What do you know about UNPROFOR? (96/2)
SAARC - Past Performance and Future Prospects
Which countries met recently in New Delhi with a view to promote regional co-operation in South Asia? What are the areas selected at the above meeting, in which such co-operation would be of advantage to the participating countries? (75 words) (83/15)
When and where was the first SAARC Summit Conference held? Who were the participants? What were the main points of the Charter? (75 words) (86/15)
Discuss the significance of the 4th SAARC Summit. (89/10)
Recent SAARC Summit has been considered as a ‘non-starter’ by some political observers while for others it has marked a watershed. Explain the two view points. (About 250 words) (95/35)
What does the SAARC stand for? (00/1)
Write about SAARC Summit-2007. (07/15)
Write about SAARC Human Rights Report-2006 in about 20 words. (07/2)
“Increasing cross-border terrorist attacks in India and growing interference in the internal affairs of member-states by Pakistan are not conducive for the future of SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation).” Explain with suitable examples. (16/12.5)
Do you think that BIMSTEC is a parallel organisation like the SAARC? What are the similarities and dissimilarities between the two? How are Indian foreign policy objectives realized by forming this new organisation? (22/10)
South East Asia
Trace the recent political development in Fiji. How is India concerned with the developments there? (87/25)
Why is Fiji crisis of May 19, 2000 a specific concern for India? (00/2)
Who is Megawati Sukarnoputri? (01/2)
What were the main strategic concerns of the Indonesian President Megawati Sukarnoputri during her recent visit to India? (02/10)
“Strategic interests seem to be replacing commercial interest for the host country with regard to Cam Ranh Bay.” Amplify. (11/12)
ASEAN
Why was ASEAN formed? Who are its members? What has ASEAN achieved so far? What stand has it taken in respect of problems in Afghanistan and Kampuchea? (80/25)
What is ASEAN PLUS? What is its nature and duty? (98/10)
What does the ASEAN stand for? (00/1)
Answer the following, by expanding and explaining the objectives: ARF. (04/2)
Critically assess the recent Free Trade Agreement entered into by India with ASEAN. (09/15)
Impediments to Regional Co-operation
What are the broad decisions of the meetings of the Indo-Bangladesh Joint River Commission held in June, 1990? (90/5)
“The situation today is far different from that prevalent fifty years back when the Indus Water Treaty was signed.” Highlight the complexity of the current challenges on both sides of the border in this regard. Do you think that a review of the Treaty is in India’s best interests? (12/25)
Present an account of the Indus Water Treaty and examine its ecological, economic and political implications in the context of changing bilateral relations. (GS 1) (16/12.5)
The Vision of New World Order
Write down 100 words on The New International Economic Order. (79/10)
Discuss the objectives of the Venice Summit held recently. Who were the participants? What were the major resolutions adopted at it? (87/15)
What main topics were discussed at the NATO Summit at Rome recently and indicate the main trends which emerged out of it? (91/6)
Differentiate between Peace-making and Peace keeping. (00/2)
Write about Global Governance. (07/2)
Write about Impact of globalization on state system and its institutions. (150 words) (07/15)
Write notes on India and the New World Order in about 150 words. (08/30)
Write in about 50 words: Geopolitics and Geostrategy. (09/5)
“As regards the increasing rates of melting of Arctic Sea ice, the interests of the Arctic Council nations may not coincide with those of the wider world.” Explain. (11/12)
Is there still a role for the concept of balance of power in contemporary international politics? Discuss. (11/12)
Critically review the international concern in achieving the targets set for the Millennium Development Goals. (12/15)
Why is international trade perceived to have failed to act as an “engine of growth” in many developing countries including India? (12/10)
“The long-sustained image of India as a leader of the oppressed and marginalised Nations has disappeared on account of its new found role in the emerging global order” Elaborate. (19/15)
“Clean energy is the order of the day.’ Describe briefly India’s changing policy towards climate change in various international fora in the context of geopolitics. (22/15)
Global Groupings
What is NAMEDIA? When and where was its first Conference held? Who were the participants? What are the main declarations of the Conference? (84/15)
Discuss the role of the NATO after the end of the Cold War. (92/15)
Write about Shanghai Co-operation Organisation (S.C.O.) (in about 20 words). (07/2)
Compare the significances of IBSA and BRICS in the context of India’s multilateral diplomacy. (12/10)
Critically examine the aims and objectives of SCO. What importance does it hold for India? (250 words) (2021/15)
‘Virus of Conflict is affecting the functioning of the SCO.” In the light of the above statement point out the role of India in mitigating the problems. (2023/10)
‘The expansion and strengthening of NATO and a stronger US-Europe strategic partnership works well for India.” What is your opinion about this statement? Give reasons and examples to support your answer. (2023/15)
G7, G8, G20 etc.
State as to what the Group of 77 stands for. (79/2)
What was the G-7 Summit? When and where was it held? What were its achievements? (88/15)
Name the seven richest industrialised nations of the world. When and where did they meet recently? What were the broad agreements arrived at the meetings? (90/5)
What are the significant achievements of G-7 summit held in 1993? (93/5)
Where was the G-7 summit held recently? In what respects are its recommendations concerning India considered an exercise in hypocrisy? (95/10)
What is Group of 77? (95/3)
What do you know about G-77? (00/2)
What do you understand by ‘G-15’? (01/2)
What is G8? (01/2)
What is the main purpose of G-15? (02/2)
Write about G-8 Summit-2007. (07/2)
Write about G-77 (20 words). (08/2)
What is meant by the G8 + 5 group? (12/5)
EFFECT OF POLICIES AND POLITICS OF DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ON INDIA’S INTERESTS
Indian Foreign Policy: Determinants, Continuity and Change
How can India accommodate her foreign policy principle of ‘non-intervention’ with the emerging right to ‘intervention’? (00/15)
Write note on India’s ‘soft’ and ‘hard’ power strategy in Foreign Policy. (09/15)
In respect of India-Sri Lanka relations, discuss how domestic factors influence foreign policy. [200 words] (13/10)
Project ‘Mausam’ is considered a unique foreign policy initiative of Indian government to improve relationship with its neighbours. Does the project have a strategic dimension? Discuss. (15/12.5)
Has the Indian governmental system responded adequately to the demands of Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization started in 1991? What can the government do to be responsive to this important change? (16/12.5)
‘Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QUAD) is transforming itself into a trade bloc from a military alliance, in present times — Discuss. (2020/15)
The newly tri-nation partnership AUKUS is aimed at countering China’s ambitions in the Indo-Pacific region. Is it going to supersede the existing partnerships in the region? Discuss the strength and impact of AUKUS in the present scenario. (250 words) (2021/15)
How will I2U2 (India, Israel, UAE and USA) grouping transform India’s position in global politics? (22/15)
“Energy security constitutes the dominant kingpin of India’s foreign policy, and is linked with India’s overarching influence in Middle Eastern countries.” How would you integrate energy security with India’s foreign policy trajectories in the coming years? (2025/15)
India’s “Look East” Policy
What is India’s Look East Policy? (01/2)
What is India’s ‘Look East’ Policy? (06/2)
Write about India and East Asia Summit (EAS) (20 words). (07/2)
Write about Look East Policy and North-East India in 20 words. (08/2)
Evaluate the economic and strategic dimensions of India’s Look East Policy in the context of the post-Cold War international scenario. (16/12.5)
Nehru and Panchsheel
Answer the following in 20 words: The Panchsheel Pact. (04/2)
Write about Panchsheel in India’s Foreign Policy (20 words). (07/2)
Examine the relevance of Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru’s ideas in the international relations of today. (04/15)
Gujral Doctrine
What is meant by “Gujral Doctrine’? Write its specific principles. (97/3)
What does ‘Gujral doctrine’ stand for? (02/2)
What is meant by Gujral doctrine? Does it have any relevance today? Discuss. [200 words] (13/10)
Misc.
What does track two diplomacy stand for? (00/2)
Discuss the role of intelligence in the making of foreign policy. (04/15)
Write about Know India Programme (KIP) (20 words). (07/2)
Write about India’s Ocean Development Policy. (08/2)
Changing International Political Order
Rise of Superpowers, Bipolarity, Arms Race and Cold War
What are the general issues on which the organisation named Solidarity, started agitation in Poland under the leadership of Lech Walesa? Why are the countries both in Eastern and Western blocs in Europe deeply concerned about the above developments in Poland? (150 words) (81/20)
Who has been chosen as the first Non-Communist leader in four decades in Bulgaria? What are its political repercussions? (90/5)
What is the genesis of the Yugoslav unrest? What has been the reaction of the European Community towards it? (91/10)
Why did the European power find it difficult to solve the Bosnian crisis? (93/5)
What are the issues in the Bosnian tangle? (94/10)
Write about: Cuba and Castro. (06/2)
Cold War and Collapse of the Soviet Union
What are the main features of the agreement between Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev and the West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl in July, 1990 on terms of German Unification? (90/10)
Briefly describe the chain of major events towards the end of 1991 which led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the resignation of Mikhail Gorbachev. Who assumed the Soviet Union’s membership in the United Nations including that in the Security Council? (91/35)
For what reasons have Russia and Japan failed to sign a peace treaty? What are the latest developments in this respect? (92/15)
What is the problem in Chechnya? (03/2)
Why did USSR send troops to Afghanistan? What are the broad issues involved? What has been India’s response to the Afghan situation? (80/25)
Discuss the impact of the collapse of the Soviet Union on Indo-Russian relations. (03/15)
Critically examine the implications of the disintegration of the Soviet Union on India’s security and strategic perspectives. What further responses would you suggest in India’s foreign policy to accommodate these implications? (10/20)
“With the waning of globalization, post-Cold War world is becoming a site of sovereign nationalism.” Elucidate. (2025/10)
Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)
The policy of non-alignment was enunciated by Pt. Nehru and it has become a cornerstone of the foreign policy of Independent India. What are the principles underlying the concept of non-alignment? Has this policy been fruitful? Give reasons for your views. (80/25)
How often do the Heads of State/Government of the Non-aligned countries meet? When and where did it meet first? Who is the chairman of NAM now? What were the main points agreed to at the last meeting of the conference of the Heads of State/Government and included in the “New Delhi Message.” (83/35)
Why was Kampuchea’s seat allowed to remain vacant in the last NAM Conference? (83/3)
Non-alignment is a need, not a creed. Elaborate. (00/2)
“NAM (Non-Aligned Movement) is relevant in Unipolar World as well.” Comment. (02/15)
Write about Relevance of NAM. (07/2)
Uni-Polar World and American Hegemony
Why did the USA withdraw her support from UNESCO? (84/10)
Who are known as the Contras in Central America? What is the American Government’s policy towards them? (86/10)
What is Super-301? Why is India concerned about it and how has she reacted to it? (89/35)
Write a short note on the recent shift in the US attitude towards the PLO. (89/5)
Explain in brief the major shift in the American policy towards Kampuchea. (90/10)
Who has claimed the responsibility for the recent bomb attacks on American embassies at Nairobi and Dar Es Salaam? What are their demands? (98/6)
Explain the position of US vis-a-vis the League of Nations. (00/2)
Discuss the global response to President George Bush’s ‘National Missile Defence Plan’ (NMD). (01/15)
Explain the position of US vis-a-vis the League of Nations. (01/2)
What do you mean by Uni-Polar World? (02/2)
Explain U.S. stand on the proposal for establishing an International Criminal Court. (02/2)
“Too little cash, too much politics, leaves UNESCO fighting for life.” Discuss the statement in the light of US’ withdrawal and its accusation of the cultural body as being ‘anti-Israel bias’. (19/10)
Nuclear Threat, Nuclear Proliferation, India and the Nuclear Question
India’s Nuclear Doctrine
What are the highlights of the draft nuclear doctrine formulated by the National Security Advisory Board? What shortcomings have been pointed out in media reports relating to the same? (250 words) (99/35)
Differentiate and state the significance of Pokhran I and Pokhran II. (00/15)
Outline the salient features of India’s nuclear policy and explain the reasons for India’s refusal to sign the C.T.B.T. (01/15)
Explain India’s “No First Use’ policy in context of Nuclear weapons. (02/2)
Elaborate on India’s Nuclear Doctrine. (07/15)
Nuclear Disarmament
It has been estimated that there are more than four million leprosy patients in India. What steps are being taken by the Government of India for their treatment and rehabilitation? (89/20)
Discuss the question of death sentence and Presidential clemency. (250 words) (03/30)
Highlight the main points of Nuclear Disarmament Treaty signed by U.S. President George Bush and Russian President Vladimir Putin in May 2002. (02/15)
Nuclear Non-Proliferation: NPT
Twenty-five years term of Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty will come to an end in 1995. Some important members want it to be renewed, as it is, for another 25 or 50 years. What are its basic provisions and how will its renewal adversely affect India’s interests? (92/35)
What stand was taken by India at the recent Security Council Summit in regard to Nuclear Non-Proliferation? What major decision was taken by the Summit? (92/6)
Write about Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty. (06/2)
Nuclear Non-Proliferation: CTBT
On what grounds did India not sign the CTBT? (97/10)
What are the prospects of CTBT? (00/2)
Account for India’s opposition to Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. (02/15)
Nuclear Non-Proliferation: NSG
Subsequent to the Nuclear Suppliers’ Group (NSG) waiver in 2008, what are the agreements on nuclear energy that India has signed with different countries? (11/12)
Write brief note on Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) and India. (09/5)
Nuclear Non-Proliferation: Misc.
In what way would the ongoing US-Iran Nuclear Pact Controversy affect the national interest of India? How should India respond to this situation? (18/15)
What has been India’s stand in respect of the proposed sale of a nuclear reactor to Iran? (91/6)
US policy on Iran’s nuclear programme. (06/15)
What punitive steps have been taken by the Bush administration against Pakistan to discourage it from its nuclear weapon programme? (92/6)
Contemporary Global Concerns: Democracy, Human Rights, Environment, Gender Justice, Terrorism, Nuclear Proliferation
Arm Race
What is ‘Star Wars’? Explain the stand India has taken on this issue. (125 words) (85/15)
What is meant by SDI? (00/2)
What is deterrence? (00/2)
Disarmament
State as to what the SALT II stands for. (79/2)
Discuss the significance of the INF Treaty between Soviet Union and the USA. (125 words) (88/15)
In what respect can the recent arms control agreement between the USA and Russia be considered as a big step forward towards disarmament? (92/6)
What are the major objections of the various countries to the signing of the chemical weapons treaty? (93/5)
Differentiate between SALT and START. (00/2)
Write about Outer Space Treaty. (06/2)
Comment on the present status of the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC). What important issues, do you think, need to be taken up at the seventh review conference of the BWC scheduled for 2011? (10/12)
INDIAN DIASPORA
Global Role of Indian Diaspora
Examine the role of NRIs in the liberalisation process of India. (00/2)
In what fields have N.R.I.’s excelled in the developed countries? (01/2)
In which specialties are Indians most wanted abroad? (01/2)
What is the contribution of the N.R.I.’s to India’s development? (01/2)
Write short note on Future of Indian expatriates in the Gulf. (05/2)
Write short note on Indians in China. (05/2)
Future of Indians in Fiji. (06/2)
Indians in the House of Lords, UK. (06/2)
Contribution of the NRIs to GCC countries. (06/2)
Contribution of Indians in Silicon Valley. (06/2)
Write about Indian Diaspora in Singapore. (08/2)
Assess the contributions of Indian Diaspora in the Caribbean. (10/12)
Write a short analytical note on Indian Diaspora. How is the “New Diaspora” different from the “Old Diaspora”? (12/15)
Indian diaspora has an important role to play in South-East Asian Countries’ economy and society. Appraise the role of Indian diaspora in South-East Asia in this context. (250 words) (17/15)
‘Indian diaspora has a decisive role to play in the politics and economy of America and European Countries’. Comment with examples. (150 words) (2020/10)
Indian diaspora has scaled new heights in the West. Describe its economic and political benefits for India. (2023/10)
Economic Aspects
What has been the role of NRIs in the economic development of India in the recent past? (98/20)
What is the impact of economic sanctions against India on NRIs? (00/2)
What was India Millennium Deposit Scheme? (02/2)
What has been the impact of Gulf remittances on India’s economy? (02/2)
Under what conditions are NRIs permitted to remit deposits in India in any currency of their choice? (03/2)
How can NRIs be attracted to invest in India? (03/2)
What are the references made to the NRI in the Union Budget July 2004? (04/2)
Write about Council for Promotion of Overseas Employment (CPOE) in 20 words. (08/2)
NRIs in India
What efforts are being made by Indian Government to look after N.R.I’s? (01/2)
Why do N.R.I.’s retain their emotional attachment to India? (01/2)
What are the problems NRIs have to face if they decide to settle in India? (02/2)
Name the nodal agency to deal with issues relating to Indians abroad and explain its main task. (02/2)
Write about Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs (20 words). (07/2)
Write about Indian Diaspora and Bollywood. (08/2)
Write about Overseas Citizenship of India (OCI) Scheme in 20 words. (08/2)
Pravasi Bhartiya Divas
What is the significance of the Pravasi Bhartiya Divas in modern India? (03/2)
Why was January 9 chosen to observe the NRI (Pravasi Bharatiya Divas) Day? (04/2)
Write about Pravasi Bhartiya Bima Yojana, 2006 (20 words). (07/2)
Write about Pravasi Bharatiya Divas. (08/2)
Misc.
What does the Global organisation of people of Indian origin stand for? (00/2)
Mention a few NRIs who have brought name and fame for India. (00/2)
What is the distinction between ‘Non-Resident Indian’ and ‘People of Indian origin’? (02/2)
In what ways did Idi Amin make life difficult for the people of Indian origin in his country? (03/2)
Categorize the People of Indian Origin (PIO). (04/2)
Point out the difference between the Jewish Diaspora and the Indian Diaspora. (04/2)
Exodus of persons of Indian origin from Uganda. (06/2)
IMPORTANT INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, AGENCIES AND FORA - THEIR STRUCTURE, MANDATE
United Nations: Envisaged Role and Actual Record
Envisaged Role and Actual Record
The founding of the United Nations. (79/4)
When and where was the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development held recently? What was its major decision? (92/6)
What were the objects of the UN-sponsored elections in Cambodia? To what extent was the UN successful in bringing peace in Cambodia? Discuss. (93/35)
Which is the latest right confirmed by the 57th session of the United Nations? (01/2)
What is the ‘Veto’ in the UN-system? (03/15)
Specialized UN Agencies - Aims and Functioning
Write about: UNESCO. (79/4)
What does UNCTAD stand for? Where did it meet last? State briefly the results of the meeting. (Not more than 50 words) (83/10)
What do you know of the new Secretary-General of the United Nations? Mention some of the more challenging tasks he has to face in his new assignment. (91/10)
Write note on Economic and Social Council. (00/10)
World Food Programme (WFP) of the United Nations (UN). (11/5)
What are the aims and objectives of the MacBride Commission of the UNESCO? What is India’s position on these? (16/12.5)
What are the main functions of the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)? Explain different functional commissions attached to it. (150 words) (17/10)
The Need for UN Reforms, Demand for Permanent Seat in the Security Council
Present a complete picture of India’s efforts for a permanent seat in the UN Security Council. (05/15)
Discuss the impediments India is facing in its pursuit of a permanent seat in UN Security Council. (15/12.5)
“The reform process in the United Nations remains unresolved, because of the delicate imbalance of East and West and entanglement of the USA vs. Russo-Chinese alliance.” Examine and critically evaluate the East-West policy confrontations in this regard. (2025/15)
International Funding
Describe briefly about - The World Bank. (79/4)
Write short notes on the following. Your answer should cover inter alia the points mentioned: IMF Loan to India: Reasons for seeking the loan assistance: quantum of loan sanctioned: amounts so far released by IMF. Corrective measures taken by the Government of India in pursuance of their discussions with IMF. (82/15)
What is a ‘soft loan’? (82/3)
What does SDR stand for? How are the countries benefited by it? (93/3)
Elucidate Special Drawing Rights. (04/2)
What is IFC? (05/2)
Write about the following: Special Drawing Rights (SDRs). (08/2)
Does India need the World Bank? (09/15)
Compare and contrast the role of the IMF with that of the World Bank. (10/5)
The World Bank and the IMF, collectively known as the Bretton Woods Institutions, are the two inter-governmental pillars supporting the structure of the world’s economic and financial order. Superficially, the World Bank and the IMF exhibit many common characteristics, yet their role, functions and mandate are distinctly different. Elucidate. (200 words) (13/10)
Some of the International funding agencies have special terms for economic participation stipulating a substantial component of the aid to be used for sourcing equipment from the leading countries. Discuss on merits of such terms and if, there exists a strong case not to accept such conditions in the Indian context. (14/12.5)
India has recently signed to become a founding member of New Development Bank (NDB) and also the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB). How will the role of the two Banks be different? Discuss the strategic significance of these two Banks for India. (14/12.5)
WHO
Critically examine the role of WHO in providing global health security during the COVID-19 pandemic. (2020/10)
Commonwealth
What is ‘Commonwealth’ of Nations? Who are eligible for its membership? What are its aims? How does it function? Has any member left the Commonwealth? (80/25)
In what way did India make a significant contribution at the CHOGM summit at Harare? Who will host the next CHOGM and when? (91/10)
Misc. Organisations
Which organisation prepared the report entitled “Our Global Neighbourhood’? What are its major recommendations? (95/6)
What do the following stand for? (i) WCAR (ii) SPDC (iii) INTERPOL (iv) WIPO. (02/2)
What does the following stand for? (i) UNCHR (ii) UNIDO (iii) WTO (iv) MIGA. (02/2)
Answer the following, by expanding and explaining the objectives: (a) BIMSTEC (b) ARF (c) Red Cross (d) OPEC (e) IAEA. (20 words each) (04/10)
Describe the role of Amnesty International in securing human rights. (04/15)
Write about: Expanding role of Amnesty International. (06/15)
Answer the following, by expanding or explaining: (a) OAPEC (b) IFAD (c) UPU (d) SACEP (e) ODA. (05/10)
Write about the following, by expanding and explaining the objectives: (a) ICJ (b) INTELSAT (c) IBRD (d) WMO (e) WHO. (06/10)
Write about UNIDO in 20 words. (06/2)
Write about the following by expanding and explaining the objectives: (a) BEMs (b) IAEA (c) BIMSTEC (d) ECJ. (07/2 each)
Write about ICT4D by expanding and explaining the objectives in about 20 words. (07/2)
Write about I.C.R.C. (20 words). (08/2)
Write about MERCOSUR (20 words). (08/2)
Write about INTERPOL (20 words). (08/2)
Comment on Significance of the Kampala declaration of the International Criminal Court (ICC). (10/5)
Comment on Trial chamber of the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) and its recent verdict. (10/5)
Functions of the World Customs Organisation (WCO). (11/5)