1. What are political parties?
3. How do political scientists classify parties based on ideologies?
4. What are examples of leftist, centrist, and rightist parties in India?
5. What are the three kinds of party systems in the world?
6. Give examples of countries with a one-party system and a two-party system.
7. Give examples of countries with a multi-party system.
8. What are the characteristic features of the Indian party system?
9. Why has India developed a multi-party system?
10. Who called the Indian party system a “one party dominance system” or the “Congress system”?
11. When did the dominant position of the Congress begin to decline?
12. What has replaced ideology in Indian politics, according to the text?
13. What is the criticism regarding personality cult in Indian political parties?
14. What are the traditional factors on which a large number of parties in India are formed?
15. What are the consequences of parties being formed on traditional factors?
16. What has been the role of regional parties in national politics?
17. What are some of the manifestations of factionalism and defections in Indian political parties?
18. When did the practice of defections gain greater currency in India?
19. What are the consequences of defections on political stability?
20. Why has an effective opposition not emerged in India since the first general elections?
21. Who registers political parties and grants them recognition as national or state parties?
22. What are the privileges associated with recognition as a national or state party?
state party and a registered-unrecognized party?
24. What are the three conditions for a party to be recognized as a National Party?
25. What are the five conditions for a party to be recognized as a State Party?
28. Who founded the Indian National Congress (INC) and in what year?
29. When was the Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD) formed?
30. Who founded the Communist Party of India (CPI) and in what year?
31. Who founded the Jammu & Kashmir National Conference (JKNC) and in what year?
32. Who founded the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) and in what year?
33. When was the Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPM) formed?
34. Who founded the Shiv Sena (SHS) and in what year?
35. Who founded the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) and in what year?
36. Who founded the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and in what year?
37. Who founded the Telugu Desam Party (TDP) and in what year?
38. Who founded the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) and in what year?
39. Who founded the Asom Gana Parishad (AGP) and in what year?
40. Who founded the Samajwadi Party (SP) and in what year?
41. Who founded the Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD) and in what year?
42. Who founded the Biju Janata Dal (BJD) and in what year?
43. Who founded the All India Trinamool Congress (AITC) and in what year?
44. Who founded the Jammu and Kashmir People’s Democratic Party (PDP) and in what year?
45. Who founded the Janata Dal (United) (JD (U)) and in what year?
46. Who founded the Janata Dal (Secular) (JD(S)) and in what year?
47. Who founded the Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) and in what year?
48. Who founded the Lok Janshakti Party (LJP) and in what year?
50. Who founded the Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party (YSRCP) and in what year?
51. Who founded the Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) and in what year?
52. Who founded the National People’s Party (NPP) and in what year?
53. What are the two major parties in the US and Britain, as per footnote 1?