Chapter 34 High Court

1. What is the position of the high court in the Indian single-integrated judicial system?

2. What does the judiciary in a state consist of?

3. What is the position of the high court in the judicial administration of a state?

4. When and where did the institution of high court originate in India?

5. When was a fourth high court established at Allahabad?

6. What happened to the high courts after 1950?

7. What does the Constitution of India provide for regarding high courts?

8. What did the Seventh Amendment Act of 1956 authorize regarding common high courts?

9. What is the relationship between the territorial jurisdiction of a high court and the territory of a state?

10. How many high courts are there in India at present?

11. How many high courts have jurisdiction over more than one state?

12. Which union territory alone has a separate high court?

13. Which union territories have a common high court?

14. What happens to other union territories regarding high court jurisdiction?

15. Can Parliament extend or exclude the jurisdiction of a high court?

16. Which Articles in which Part of the Constitution deal with the high courts?

17. What does every high court consist of?

18. Does the Constitution specify the strength of a high court?

19. Who appoints the judges of a high court?

20. What is the consultation process for appointing the Chief Justice of a high court?

21. What is the consultation process for appointing other judges of a high court?

22. What additional consultation is required for a common high court?

23. What did the Supreme Court rule in the Second Judges case (1993) regarding the appointment of a high court judge?

24. What did the Supreme Court opine in the Third Judges case (1998) regarding the consultation process for high court judges?

25. What did the 99th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2014 and the National Judicial Appointments Commission Act of 2014 do regarding High Court judge appointments?

26. What did the Supreme Court declare in 2015 regarding the 99th Constitutional Amendment and the NJAC Act?

27. What are the qualifications required for a person to be appointed as a judge of a high court?

28. Does the Constitution prescribe a minimum age for appointment as a judge of a high court?

29. Does the Constitution make provision for the appointment of a distinguished jurist as a judge of a high court?

30. What oath or affirmation does a judge of a high court make before entering office?

31. Who administers the oath or affirmation to a judge of a high court?

32. Who determines the salaries, allowances, privileges, leave, and pension of the judges of a high court?

33. Can the salaries, allowances, privileges, leave, and pension of the judges of a high court be varied to their disadvantage after their appointment?

34. What were the salary increases for the chief justice and judges of a high court in 2018?

35. What is the pension for a retired chief justice and judges of a high court?

36. Has the Constitution fixed the tenure of a judge of a high court?

37. What are the four provisions regarding the tenure of a high court judge?

38. How is any question regarding a judge’s age determined?

39. How can a judge of a high court be removed from office?

40. What is the procedure for the President to issue a removal order for a high court judge?

41. What are the two grounds for the removal of a high court judge?

42. What Act regulates the procedure for the removal of a high court judge?

43. Has any judge of a high court been impeached so far?

44. How are judges of high courts transferred?

45. What is a judge entitled to receive upon transfer?

46. What did the Supreme Court rule in 1977 regarding the transfer of high court judges?

47. What did the Supreme Court hold in 1994 regarding judicial review of judge transfers?

48. Who can challenge the transfer of a judge?

49. What did the Supreme Court opine in the Third Judges case (1998) regarding the consultation process for the transfer of high court judges?

50. Who can appoint a judge of a high court as an acting chief justice of the high court?

51. When can an acting chief justice of a high court be appointed?

52. Who can appoint duly qualified persons as additional judges of a high court?

53. When can additional judges of a high court be appointed?

54. Who can appoint a duly qualified person as an acting judge of a high court?

55. When can an acting judge of a high court be appointed?

56. What is the tenure of an additional or acting judge?

57. Who can request a retired judge of that high court or any other high court to act as a judge of the high court of that state for a temporary period?

58. What consents are required for a retired judge to act as a judge of a high court?

59. What are the entitlements of a retired judge acting as a judge of a high court?

60. What provisions has the Constitution made to safeguard the independence and impartial functioning of a high court?

61. What are the seven categories of jurisdiction and powers of a high court?

62. What are the governing sources of the present jurisdiction and powers of a high court?

63. What is the Original Jurisdiction of a high court?

64. What specific matters fall under the Original Jurisdiction of a high court?

65. What is the Writ Jurisdiction of a high court?

66. What does the phrase ‘for any other purpose’ refer to in the context of the high court’s writ jurisdiction?

67. Is the high court’s writ jurisdiction exclusive?

68. What is the difference between the writ jurisdiction of the high court and that of the Supreme Court?

69. What did the Supreme Court rule in the Chandra Kumar case (1997) regarding the writ jurisdiction of the high court and Supreme Court?

70. Can the writ jurisdiction of the high court and Supreme Court be ousted or excluded by way of a constitutional amendment?

71. What is the Appellate Jurisdiction of a high court?

72. What are the civil appellate jurisdiction matters of a high court?

73. What did the Supreme Court rule in 1997 regarding appeals from tribunals?

74. What are the criminal appellate jurisdiction matters of a high court?

75. What is the Supervisory Jurisdiction of a high court?

76. What can a high court do under its Supervisory Jurisdiction?

77. What is the scope of the Supervisory Jurisdiction of a high court?

78. What are the limitations on the Supervisory Jurisdiction of a high court?

79. What are the Control over Subordinate Courts powers of a high court?

80. What are the two powers of a high court as a Court of Record?

81. How is ‘contempt of court’ defined in the Contempt of Courts Act of 1971?

82. Does a High Court have power to punish for contempt of subordinate courts?

83. What is the Power of Judicial Review of a high court?

84. What happens if a law or order is found to be violative of the Constitution by the high court?

85. What Articles explicitly confer the power of judicial review on a high court?

86. What are the three grounds on which the constitutional validity of a legislative enactment or an executive order can be challenged in a high court?

87. What did the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 do to the judicial review power of high courts?

88. What did the 43rd Amendment Act of 1977 do to the judicial review power of high courts?

89. Which Article deals with High Courts for states?

90. Which Article deals with High Courts to be courts of record?

91. Which Article deals with the Constitution of High Courts?

92. Which Article deals with Appointment and conditions of the office of a Judge of a High Court?

93. Which Article deals with Application of certain provisions relating to Supreme Court to High Courts?

94. Which Article deals with Oath or affirmation by judges of High Courts?

95. Which Article deals with Restriction on practice after being a permanent judge?

96. Which Article deals with Salaries etc., of judges?

97. Which Article deals with Transfer of a judge from one High Court to another?

98. Which Article deals with Appointment of acting Chief Justice?

99. Which Article deals with Appointment of additional and acting judges?

100. Which Article deals with Appointment of retired judges at sittings of High Courts?

101. Which Article deals with Jurisdiction of existing High Courts?

102. Which Article deals with Power of High Courts to issue certain writs?

103. Which Article deals with Constitutional validity of Central laws not to be considered in proceedings under Article 226 (Repealed)?

104. Which Article deals with Power of superintendence over all courts by the High Court?

105. Which Article deals with Transfer of certain cases to High Court?

106. Which Article deals with Special provisions as to disposal of questions relating to constitutional validity of state laws (Repealed)?

107. Which Article deals with Officers and servants and the expenses of High Courts?

108. Which Article deals with Extension of jurisdiction of High Courts to union territories?

109. Which Article deals with Establishment of a common High Court for two or more states?

110. Which Article deals with Interpretation (Repealed)?