- The Planning Commission was established in 1950 (replaced by NITI Aayog in 2015).
- Land reform laws passed by states.
- Labour protection laws like Minimum Wages Act (1948), Payment of Wages Act (1936), etc.
- Maternity Benefit Act (1961) and Equal Remuneration Act (1976).
- Nationalisation of life insurance (1956), fourteen leading commercial banks (1969), general insurance (1971), and abolition of Privy Purses (1971).
- Legal Services Authorities Act (1987) establishing free legal aid and lok adalats.
- Establishment of Khadi and Village Industries Board, Commission, and other boards for cottage industries.
- Community Development Programme (1952), Hill Area Development Programme (1960), and various other rural development schemes.
- Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 and Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980.
- Modernisation of agriculture and animal husbandry.
- Three-tier panchayati raj system introduced by the 73rd Amendment Act (1992).
- Reservation of seats for SCs, STs and other weaker sections in educational institutions, government services, and representative bodies.
- Criminal Procedure Code (1973) separated judiciary from executive.
- Ancient and Historical Monument and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act (1951).
- Establishment of primary health centres and hospitals.
- Laws to prohibit the slaughter of cows, calves, and bullocks in some states.
- Old age pension schemes in some states.
- Following the policy of non-alignment and panchsheel to promote international peace and security.