FeatureMartial LawNational Emergency
Effect on Fundamental RightsIt affects only Fundamental Rights.It affects not only Fundamental Rights but also Centre–state relations, distribution of revenues and legislative powers between centre and states and may extend the tenure of the Parliament.
Effect on Government and CourtsIt suspends the government and ordinary law courts.It continues the government and ordinary law courts.
Grounds of ImpositionIt is imposed to restore the breakdown of law and order due to any reason.It can be imposed only on three grounds—war, external aggression or armed rebellion.
Area of ImpositionIt is imposed in some specific area of the country.It is imposed either in the whole country or in any part of it.
Constitutional ProvisionIt has no specific provision in the Constitution. It is implicit.It has specific and detailed provision in the Constitution. It is explicit.