Background factors included the Post-WWI economic crisis (rising prices, taxes, decreased production), the Rowlatt Act, the Jallianwalla Bagh massacre (exposing British brutality), the Hunter Committee and British Parliament endorsing General Dyer, the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms (failing to satisfy self-government demands), the Lucknow Pact (1916) and Rowlatt agitation (uniting Hindus and Muslims), and radical nationalist Muslims gaining influence over conservative Aligarh school.