1. What is the rationale behind the special provisions in the Constitution relating to certain classes?
2. Which Articles in the Constitution (Part XVI) contain special provisions for Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), Backward Classes (BCs), and Anglo-Indians?
3. What are the six areas to which these special provisions relate?
4. Into what two broad categories can these special provisions be classified?
5. Who has the power to specify which castes or tribes are to be called SCs or STs in each state and union territory?
6. How are the lists of SCs or STs in states affected by presidential notifications?
7. What is the process for the President to issue notifications specifying SCs and STs in the case of states?
8. Who has the sole power to include or exclude any caste or tribe from the Presidential notification specifying SCs or STs?
9. Does the Constitution specify the classes of citizens to be called socially and educationally backward classes (OBCs)?
10. What did the 102nd Amendment Act of 2018 provide regarding the specification of socially and educationally backward classes?
11. What change did the 105th Amendment Act of 2021 make to the provision for specifying socially and educationally backward classes?
12. What does the expression “Central List” mean as explained by the 105th Amendment Act of 2021?
13. What power did the 105th Amendment Act of 2021 empower states or union territories to do regarding OBC lists?
14. How does the Constitution define an “Anglo-Indian” person?
15. What is the basis for reservation of seats for SCs and STs in the Lok Sabha and state legislative assemblies?
16. What was the original duration for the provision of reservation for SCs and STs in legislatures, and how has it been extended?
17. What should be taken into consideration when making appointments to public services for SCs and STs?
18. What did the 82nd Amendment Act of 2000 provide for regarding relaxation in qualifying marks for SCs and STs?
19. What is the President’s role in setting up National Commissions for SCs and STs?
20. What was the previous arrangement for National Commissions for SCs and STs, and what change did the 89th Amendment Act of 2003 make?
21. What is the President’s role in appointing a commission to report on the administration of scheduled areas and the welfare of STs?
22. Who headed the first commission appointed in 1960 to report on the administration of scheduled areas and welfare of STs?
23. Who headed the second commission appointed in 2002 for the same purpose?
24. What is the extent of the executive power of the Centre regarding the welfare of STs in states?
25. When was the National Commission for BCs first set up, and what change did the 102nd Amendment Act of 2018 make?
26. What is the President’s role regarding the National Commission for socially and educationally BCs?
27. Who headed the first backward classes commission appointed in 1953, and when did it submit its report?
28. Why was no action taken on the recommendations of the first backward classes commission?
29. Who chaired the second Backward Classes Commission appointed in 1979, and what was its significant recommendation implemented in 1990?
30. What was the provision for special representation for Anglo-Indians in Legislatures before 2020?
31. What was the original duration for the special representation for Anglo-Indians, and what happened to this provision under the 104th Amendment Act, 2019?
32. What special provisions existed for Anglo-Indians in services and educational grants before independence and how long did they continue after the Constitution?
33. What are the functions of the National Commission for SCs vis-à-vis Anglo-Indians?
34. Which Article deals with Reservation of seats for scheduled castes and scheduled tribes in the House of the people?
35. Which Article deals with Representation of the Anglo-Indian community in the House of the people?
36. Which Article deals with Reservation of seats for scheduled castes and scheduled tribes in the legislative assemblies of the states?
37. Which Article deals with Representation of the Anglo-Indian community in the legislative assemblies of the states?
38. Which Article deals with Reservation of seats and special representation to cease after certain period?
39. Which Article deals with Claims of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes to services and posts?
40. Which Article deals with Special provision for Anglo-Indian community in certain services?
41. Which Article deals with Special provision with respect to educational grants for the benefit of Anglo-Indian community?
42. Which Article deals with National Commission for scheduled castes?
43. Which Article deals with National Commission for scheduled tribes?
44. Which Article deals with National Commission for backward classes?
45. Which Article deals with Control of the Union over the administration of scheduled areas and the welfare of scheduled tribes?
46. Which Article deals with Appointment of a commission to investigate the conditions of backward classes?
47. Which Article deals with Scheduled castes?
48. Which Article deals with Scheduled tribes?
49. Which Article deals with Socially and educationally backward classes?
50. What are the names of the Presidential orders that specify Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, mentioned in footnote 2?
51. Which Amendment Acts modified the Presidential orders specifying SCs and STs?
52. Which Amendment Act inserted a new Article 342A, and which one amended it?
53. Which Amendment Acts extended the period of reservation for SCs and STs in legislatures from ten years to eighty years (until 2030)?
54. What does Clause 10 of Article 338 state regarding the reference to Scheduled Castes?