Chapter 75 Public Services

1. Into what three categories are public services in India classified?

2. What are All-India Services?

3. What are the three existing All-India Services?

4. Which pre-independence services were replaced by IAS and IPS after 1947?

5. When was the Indian Forest Service (IFoS) established as the third All-India Service?

6. What Article of the Constitution authorizes Parliament to create new All-India Services?

7. What is the procedure for Parliament to create a new All-India Service?

8. Why is the power to create new All-India Services given to the Rajya Sabha?

9. Did the Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly initially provide constitutional status to the All-India Services?

10. Who is regarded as the “Father of All-India Services”?

11. What did the All-India Services Act of 1951 authorize the Central Government to do?

12. How are members of All-India Services recruited, trained, and assigned?

13. How do All-India Service officers serve the Central Government?

14. What are the three categories of All-India Services?

15. Which Ministries of the Central Government manage and control the IAS, IPS, and IFoS respectively?

16. How are All-India Services controlled and by whom are their salaries and pensions met?

17. Who can take disciplinary action against All-India Service officers?

18. How many state cadres exist for the All-India Services, and which are the two joint cadres?

19. What are Central Services?

20. Which Ministry is the central personnel agency in the Government of India for Central Services?

21. How were Central Services classified before independence and what were the changes after independence?

22. What are the four categories of Central Services currently?

23. Which is the topmost Central Service in terms of prestige, status, pay, and emoluments?

24. Which Ministry manages the Indian Foreign Service (IFS)?

25. What are State Services?

26. How do the positions held by State Service members compare to those held by All-India Service members in the state administrative hierarchy?

27. What is the most prestigious among all state services?

non-gazetted classes?

29. What is the difference between gazetted and non-gazetted classes in state services regarding publication of names and privileges?

30. What percentage of senior posts in IAS, IPS, and IFoS are required to be filled by promotion of officers from state services?

31. How are promotions of state service officers to All-India Services made?

32. Which Articles in the Constitution contain provisions regarding All-India, Central, and state services?

33. What does Article 309 empower Parliament and state legislatures to regulate?

34. Who can make rules to regulate recruitment and service conditions until laws are made by Parliament or state legislatures?

35. What does “recruitment” include in the context of public service?

36. What do “conditions of service” for a public servant include?

37. What restrictions can Parliament or state legislatures impose on the Fundamental Rights of public servants?

civil posts?

39. What is the exception to the general rule of dismissal at pleasure under Article 310?

40. What two safeguards does Article 311 provide to civil servants against arbitrary dismissal?

41. To which categories of public servants do these two safeguards under Article 311 apply?

42. In which three cases is the second safeguard (holding inquiry) under Article 311 not available?

43. How many stages did the opportunity of being heard for a civil servant originally have, and what change did the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 make?

44. What does the Supreme Court’s interpretation of “reasonable opportunity of being heard” (in the second safeguard) include?

45. What does Article 312 provide for regarding the creation of new All-India Services?

46. What power does Parliament have regarding the recruitment and conditions of service of persons appointed to All-India Services?

47. Which services were deemed to be created by Parliament under Article 312 at the commencement of the Constitution?

48. What is the scope of the All-India Judicial Service if created?

49. Is a law creating an All-India Judicial Service considered an amendment of the Constitution for Article 368 purposes?

50. Has an All-India Judicial Service been created so far?

51. What does Article 312A (inserted by the 28th Amendment Act of 1972) confer powers on Parliament to do?

52. What does Article 313 deal with?

53. What happened to Article 314?

54. What is the subject matter of Article 308?

55. What is the subject matter of Article 309?

56. What is the subject matter of Article 310?

57. What is the subject matter of Article 311?

58. What is the subject matter of Article 312?

59. What is the subject matter of Article 312A?

60. What is the subject matter of Article 313?

61. What is the subject matter of Article 314?

62. In 1963, a provision was made for the creation of three more all-India services. Which one actually came into existence in 1966?

63. What does “civil post” mean in the context of public services?

64. What is the difference between “dismissal” and “removal” in the context of government employment?