Chapter 66 Lokpal and Lokayuktas

1880. What has resulted from the expansion of bureaucracy and multiplication of administrative processes in modern democratic states?

1881. What are the three institutional devices created globally to deal with the redressal of citizens’ grievances?

1882. What is the earliest democratic institution created in the world for the redressal of citizens’ grievance?

1883. What does Donald C. Rowat call the institution of Ombudsman?

1884. When and where was the institution of Ombudsman first created?

1885. What does the Swedish term ‘Ombud’ mean?

1886. What does Donald C. Rowat define Ombudsman as?

1887. What matters does the Swedish Ombudsman deal with regarding citizens’ grievances?

1888. What is the nature of the Ombudsman in terms of authority and powers?

1889. Does the Ombudsman have the power to reverse decisions or direct control over administration or courts?

1890. How can the Ombudsman act?

1891. Can the Ombudsman prosecute erring officials?

1892. Can the Ombudsman inflict punishment?

1893. To which other Scandinavian countries did the institution of Ombudsman spread from Sweden?

1894. Which was the first Commonwealth country to adopt the Ombudsman system?

1895. When did the United Kingdom adopt an Ombudsman-like institution?

1896. What is the Ombudsman called in India?

1897. What does Donald C. Rowat say about the institution of Ombudsman as a bulwark?

1898. What did Gerald E. Caiden describe the Ombudsman as?

1899. What is the French system of Administrative Courts?

1900. What is the institutional device created by socialist countries like the former USSR and China for redressal of citizens’ grievances?

1901. What is the existing legal and institutional framework to check corruption and redress citizens’ grievances in India?

1902. What did the First Administrative Reforms Commission (ARC) of India (1966–1970) recommend regarding special authorities for citizens’ grievances?

1903. On what pattern were these institutions to be set up?

1904. What would the Lokpal deal with according to the ARC?

1905. What would the lokayukta deal with according to the ARC?

1906. Did the ARC keep the judiciary within the purview of Lokpal and lokayukta?

1907. What was the situation in Sweden regarding the judiciary and Ombudsman?

1908. How would the Lokpal be appointed according to the ARC?

1909. What were the recommended features of the institutions of Lokpal and lokayukta by the ARC?

1910. How many official attempts have been made to bring about legislation on the Lokpal and Lokayuktas subject so far?

1911. What was the fate of the first four Lokpal bills introduced in Parliament?

1912. What was the fate of the fifth Lokpal bill?

1913. What was the fate of the sixth and seventh Lokpal bills?

1914. What was the fate of the eighth Lokpal bill (2001)?

1915. What was the fate of the ninth Lokpal bill (2011)?

1916. Which bill was finally enacted as the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013?

1917. What is the first salient feature of the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act (2013)?

1918. What does the Lokpal’s jurisdiction include?

1919. What is the composition of the Lokpal?

1920. What is the judicial member requirement for the Lokpal?

1921. What is the reservation requirement for the members of the Lokpal?

1922. How are the Chairperson and members of Lokpal selected?

1923. What body assists the Selection Committee in the selection process for Lokpal?

1924. What is the reservation requirement for the members of the Search Committee for Lokpal?

1925. Is the Prime Minister brought under the purview of the Lokpal?

1926. What is the scope of Lokpal’s jurisdiction regarding public servants?

1927. What happens when the Lokpal refers complaints against Group A and Group B Officers to the CVC?

1928. What is the procedure for complaints against Group C and Group D employees?

1929. What power does the Lokpal have over investigating agencies, including the CBI?

1930. What committee recommends the selection of the Director of CBI?

1931. What provisions does the Act incorporate regarding property of public servants acquired by corrupt means?

1932. What are the clear timelines laid down by the Act for preliminary enquiry, investigation, and trial?

1933. What is the change in maximum and minimum punishment under the Prevention of Corruption Act by the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act?

1934. Which institutions are under the jurisdiction of Lokpal?

1935. What protection does the Act provide for honest and upright public servants?

1936. What power is conferred upon the Lokpal regarding sanction for prosecution of public servants?

1937. What provisions are aimed at strengthening the CBI under the Act?

1938. Which entities receiving donations from foreign sources are brought under the jurisdiction of Lokpal?

1939. What mandate does the Act contain regarding the institution of Lokayukta?

1940. What is the first drawback of the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013?

1941. What is the second drawback of the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013?

1942. What is the third drawback of the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013?

1943. What is the fourth drawback of the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013?

1944. What is the fifth drawback of the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013?

1945. What is the sixth drawback of the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013?

1946. What is the seventh drawback of the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013?

1947. When was the institution of lokayukta first established in India?

1948. Which state had passed the Act regarding lokayukta even before Maharashtra established it?

1949. Is the structure of the lokayukta uniform across all states?

1950. Who appoints the lokayukta and upalokayukta?

1951. Are judicial qualifications prescribed for the lokayukta in all states?

1952. What is the term of office for the lokayukta in most states?

1953. Is there uniformity regarding the jurisdiction of lokayukta in all states?

1954. Is the chief minister included within the jurisdiction of lokayukta in all states?

1955. Are Ministers and higher civil servants included in the purview of lokayukta in all states?

1956. Are Members of state legislatures included in the purview of lokayukta in all states?

1957. Are the authorities of the local bodies, corporations, companies and societies included in the jurisdiction of the lokayukta in all states?

1958. How can the lokayukta initiate investigations?

1959. Can the lokayukta consider cases of ‘grievances’ as well as ‘allegations’?

1960. Is the job of lokayuktas confined to investigating allegations (corruption) in all states?

1961. To whom does the lokayukta present its report?

1962. What does the governor do with the lokayukta’s report?

1963. Are the recommendations made by the lokayukta binding on the state government?