Chapter 36 Tribunals

31. When were provisions for tribunals added to the Constitution, and by which Amendment Act?

32. What is Part XIV-A of the Constitution entitled, and what Articles does it consist of?

33. What does Article 323A empower the Parliament to do?

34. What was the purpose of passing the Administrative Tribunals Act in 1985?

35. When was the Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT) set up, and where is its principal bench located?

36. How many regular benches does CAT currently have, and where do most of them operate?

37. What is the original jurisdiction of the CAT?

38. What categories of public servants are covered by the CAT’s jurisdiction?

39. Who are not covered by the CAT’s jurisdiction?

40. What is the composition of the CAT?

41. What change was made to the composition of CAT in 2006?

42. What is the sanctioned strength of the Chairman and Members of the CAT?

43. From what streams are the Chairman and Members of CAT drawn?

44. What is the age eligibility criterion for appointment as a Chairman or Member of CAT?

45. What is the term of office for the Chairman and Members of CAT?

46. Who appoints the Chairman and Members of CAT, and based on whose recommendations?

47. What principles guide the CAT’s procedure?

48. What is the nominal fee for an applicant to the CAT, and how can an applicant appear?

49. What was the original appeal process against CAT orders, and how did the Chandra Kumar case (1997) change it?

50. Can an aggrieved public servant directly approach the Supreme Court against a CAT order after the Chandra Kumar case?

51. What does the Administrative Tribunals Act of 1985 empower the Central government to establish regarding state-level tribunals?

52. What is the jurisdiction of SATs?

53. Who appoints the chairman and members of SATs?

54. What provision does the Administrative Tribunals Act of 1985 make for joint administrative tribunals (JATs)?

55. What is the jurisdiction of a JAT?

56. What does Article 323B authorize the Parliament and state legislatures to do?

57. What are some of the matters for which tribunals can be established under Article 323B?

58. What is the key difference between Article 323A and Article 323B regarding the subject matter of tribunals?

59. What is the key difference between Article 323A and Article 323B regarding the establishing authority for tribunals?

60. What is the key difference between Article 323A and Article 323B regarding the hierarchy of tribunals?

61. What did the Supreme Court declare unconstitutional in the Chandra Kumar case (1997) regarding Articles 323A and 323B?

62. What is the implication of the Chandra Kumar case (1997) for judicial remedies against tribunal orders?