Chapter 18 President

1. What does the Union executive consist of?

2. What is the President’s role in the Indian State?

3. How is the President of India elected?

4. Who are the members of the electoral college for the Presidential election?

5. Who are excluded from the Presidential electoral college?

6. What is the status of nominated Anglo-Indian members after the 104th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2019?

7. What happens if a state assembly is dissolved before a Presidential election?

8. What principles does the Constitution ensure regarding representation in the Presidential election?

9. How is the value of a vote of an MLA (Member of Legislative Assembly) determined for the Presidential election?

10. How is the value of a vote of an MP (Member of Parliament) determined for the Presidential election?

11. How is the President’s election conducted to ensure an absolute majority?

12. How is the quota of votes determined for a candidate to be declared elected as President?

13. How do voters indicate their preferences in the Presidential election?

14. What happens if a candidate does not secure the required quota in the first phase of Presidential vote counting?

15. Who inquires into and decides all doubts and disputes regarding the election of the President?

16. Can the President’s election be challenged due to an incomplete electoral college?

17. What is the validity of acts done by a person whose election as President is later declared void by the Supreme Court?

18. Why did the Constitution makers choose indirect election for the President instead of direct election?

19. Why did the Constituent Assembly not prefer the election of the President by Parliament alone?

20. What was the Constituent Assembly’s view on the term ‘proportional representation’ in the context of the Presidential election?

21. What was the Constituent Assembly’s objection to the term ‘single transferable vote’ for the Presidential election?

22. Who was the first President of India and when was he elected?

23. Which President was elected unopposed?

24. Who was the first female President of India and when was she elected?

25. Who is the current President of India and when was she elected?

26. What are the qualifications required for a person to be eligible for election as President?

27. Are a sitting President, Vice-President, Governor, or Minister considered to hold an office of profit for Presidential election eligibility?

28. What are the requirements for nomination of a candidate for the Presidential election?

29. What is the security deposit amount for a Presidential candidate, and when is it forfeited?

30. What changes were made to the proposer, seconder, and security deposit amounts for Presidential elections in 1997?

31. What oath or affirmation does the President make before entering office?

32. Who administers the oath of office to the President?

33. What are the conditions laid down by the Constitution for the President’s office?

34. What was the President’s salary increased to in 2018?

35. What is the pension for a retired President?

36. What privileges and immunities does the President enjoy?

37. What is the term of office for the President?

38. How can the President resign from office?

her term?

40. Is the President eligible for re-election?

41. What is the ground for impeachment of the President?

42. Does the Constitution define the meaning of ‘violation of the Constitution’ for Presidential impeachment?

43. How are impeachment charges initiated against the President?

44. What happens after an impeachment resolution is passed by the initiating House?

45. Does the President have the right to appear and be represented during an impeachment investigation?

46. When is the President removed from office due to impeachment?

47. What type of procedure is impeachment in the Parliament?

48. Can nominated members of Parliament participate in the President’s impeachment?

49. Do elected members of state legislative assemblies and Union Territories participate in the President’s impeachment?

50. Has any President of India been impeached so far?

51. How can a vacancy in the President’s office occur?

52. What happens if the President’s term is expiring and a new election is delayed?

53. Does the Vice-President act as President if the outgoing President’s term expires and a new election is delayed?

54. What happens if the President’s office falls vacant due to resignation, removal, death, or otherwise?

55. What is the term of office for a newly-elected President who fills a casual vacancy?

56. Who acts as President when a vacancy occurs due to resignation, removal, death, or otherwise?

57. Who discharges the President’s functions when the sitting President is unable to do so due to absence, illness, or other cause?

58. Who acts as President if the office of Vice-President is also vacant?

59. What powers, immunities, emoluments, allowances, and privileges do persons acting as President enjoy?

60. What are the seven categories of powers and functions of the President?

61. What are the executive powers and functions of the President?

62. What are the legislative powers of the President?

63. What are the financial powers and functions of the President?

64. What are the judicial powers and functions of the President?

65. What are the diplomatic powers of the President?

66. What are the military powers of the President?

67. What are the emergency powers of the President?

68. What are the grounds for the President to proclaim a National Emergency?

69. What extraordinary powers does the President acquire during a National Emergency?

70. What are the grounds for the President to proclaim President’s Rule in a state?

71. What extraordinary powers does the President acquire when President’s Rule is imposed in a state?

72. What are the conditions for the President to proclaim a Financial Emergency?

73. What powers does the President have during a Financial Emergency?

74. What are the President’s three alternatives when a bill passed by Parliament is presented for assent?

75. What happens if a bill returned by the President for reconsideration is passed again by Parliament?

76. What is the object of conferring veto power on the President over bills?

77. What are the four types of veto power enjoyed by the executive in modern states?

78. Which types of veto are vested with the President of India?

79. Does the Indian President have a qualified veto?

80. What is Absolute Veto and when is it typically exercised by the President?

81. In which year did President Dr. Rajendra Prasad exercise the absolute veto on the PEPSU Appropriation Bill?

82. In which year did President R Venkataraman exercise the absolute veto on the Salary, Allowances and Pension of Members of Parliament (Amendment) Bill?

83. What is Suspensive Veto?

84. What happens if a bill is passed again by Parliament after the President exercises suspensive veto?

85. Does the President possess suspensive veto in the case of money bills?

86. What is Pocket Veto?

87. Why can the Indian President exercise a pocket veto?

88. In which year did President Zail Singh exercise the pocket veto on the Indian Post Office (Amendment) Bill?

89. Does the President have veto power over a constitutional amendment bill?

90. What did the 24th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1971 make obligatory for the President?

91. What are the four alternatives for the governor when a bill passed by a state legislature is presented for assent?

92. What happens if a state bill returned by the governor for reconsideration is passed again by the state legislature?

93. What are the three alternatives for the President when a state bill is reserved by the governor for consideration?

94. Is the President bound to give assent to a state bill that is returned for reconsideration and passed again by the state legislature?

95. Can the President exercise a pocket veto in respect of state legislation?

96. What is the Ordinance-Making Power of the President?

97. What are the four limitations on the President’s ordinance-making power?

98. Can the President’s satisfaction for promulgating an ordinance be questioned in a court?

99. What is the maximum life of an ordinance?

100. Can the President withdraw an ordinance at any time?

101. Is the President’s ordinance-making power discretionary?

102. Can an ordinance be retrospective or amend a tax law?

103. What did Dr. B.R. Ambedkar say about the ordinance-making power of the President in the Constituent Assembly?

104. Is the ordinance-making power of the President necessarily connected to a national emergency?

105. What is required to be placed before the Lok Sabha when a bill replacing an ordinance is introduced?

106. What was the Supreme Court’s ruling in the D.C. Wadhwa case (1986) regarding the Governor’s ordinance-making power?

107. What is the Pardoning Power of the President?

108. Is the President’s pardoning power independent of the Judiciary?

109. What is the two-fold object of conferring judicial power on the President?

110. What does Pardon mean in the context of the President’s pardoning power?

111. What does Commutation mean in the context of the President’s pardoning power?

112. What does Remission mean in the context of the President’s pardoning power?

113. What does Respite mean in the context of the President’s pardoning power?

114. What does Reprieve mean in the context of the President’s pardoning power?

115. What are the differences between the pardoning power of the President and the Governor?

116. What principles did the Supreme Court lay down in the Kehar Singh case (1988) regarding the President’s pardoning power?

117. What did the Supreme Court hold in the Maru Ram case (1980) regarding the President’s pardoning power?

118. What is the constitutional position of the President in India’s parliamentary system?

119. How did Dr. B.R. Ambedkar describe the true position of the President in the Indian Constitution?

120. Which Articles of the Constitution are particularly relevant to the constitutional position of the President?

121. What does Article 53 state regarding the President’s executive power?

122. What does Article 74 state regarding the Council of Ministers and the President?

123. What does Article 75 state regarding the collective responsibility of the Council of Ministers?

124. What did the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1976 do regarding the President’s obligation to ministerial advice?

125. What did the 44th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1978 do regarding the President’s power to reconsider ministerial advice?

126. What are the situational discretions that the President has?

127. Which Article deals with the President of India?

128. Which Article deals with the Executive power of the Union?

129. Which Article deals with the Election of President?

130. Which Article deals with the Manner of election of President?

131. Which Article deals with the Term of office of President?

132. Which Article deals with Eligibility for re-election of the President?

133. Which Article deals with Qualifications for election as President?

134. Which Article deals with Conditions of President’s office?

135. Which Article deals with Oath or affirmation by the President?

136. Which Article deals with the Procedure for impeachment of the President?

137. Which Article deals with Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of President?

138. Which Article deals with the Vice-President to act as President or to discharge his functions?

139. Which Article deals with Matters relating to the election of President?

140. Which Article deals with the Power of President to grant pardons etc.?

141. Which Article deals with the Council of ministers to aid and advise the President?

142. Which Article deals with Other provisions as to ministers?

143. Which Article deals with the Attorney-General of India?

144. Which Article deals with the Conduct of business of the Government of India?

145. Which Article deals with Duties of Prime Minister in respect to furnishing of information to the President?

146. Which Article deals with Sessions of Parliament, prorogation and dissolution?

147. Which Article deals with Assent to bills passed by the Parliament?

148. Which Article deals with the Union Budget (annual financial statement)?

149. Which Article deals with the Power of President to promulgate ordinances?

150. Which Article deals with the Power of President to consult Supreme Court?