1. How are powers divided in the Indian Constitution?
2. Is there a division of judicial power in the Indian Constitution?
3. What is essential for the effective operation of the federal system?
4. What are the three heads under which Centre-state relations can be studied?
6. What are the four aspects of Centre–states legislative relations?
8. What does the territory of India include?
9. When are laws made by a state legislature not applicable outside the state?
10. What are the restrictions on the plenary territorial jurisdiction of the Parliament?
11. What does the Constitution provide for regarding the distribution of legislative subjects?
12. Who has exclusive powers to make laws on matters enumerated in the Union List?
13. What are some of the subjects in the Union List?
15. What are some of the subjects in the State List?
16. Who can make laws on matters enumerated in the Concurrent List?
17. What are some of the subjects in the Concurrent List?
20. What does the 101st Amendment Act of 2016 make a special provision for?
21. Who has power to make laws with respect to goods and services tax?
23. To whom is the power to make laws with respect to residuary subjects vested?
24. What does this residuary power of legislation include?
27. How do residuary powers differ in the US and Canada compared to India?
28. What was the scheme of power enumeration in the Government of India Act of 1935?
29. How does the present Constitution follow the scheme of the Government of India Act of 1935?
30. What does the Constitution expressly secure regarding the predominance of lists?
31. What happens in case of overlapping between the Union List and the State List?
32. What happens in case of overlapping between the Union List and the Concurrent List?
33. What happens in case of a conflict between the Concurrent List and the State List?
35. What is the exception to the rule of Central law prevailing on the Concurrent List?
36. What is the Parliament’s power regarding such a state law?
39. How long does such a resolution remain in force?
40. When do the laws cease to have effect?
41. Does this provision restrict the power of a state legislature to make laws on the same matter?
42. What happens in case of inconsistency between a state law and a parliamentary law?
44. When do these laws become inoperative?
47. When can the Parliament make laws for regulating matters in the State List?
48. To which states does a law so enacted apply?
49. Who can amend or repeal such a law?
50. What is the effect of passing a resolution under this provision?
51. What are some examples of laws passed under this provision?
53. What is the purpose of this provision?
54. What are some examples of laws enacted under this provision?
57. What are the ways the Centre exercises control over the state’s legislative matters?
60. How is the executive power divided between the Centre and the states?
61. To what matters does the executive power of the Centre extend?
62. To what matters does the executive power of a state extend?
63. Where does the executive power rest for matters on the Concurrent List?
64. What are the two restrictions placed on the executive power of the states by the Constitution?
65. What is the sanction behind these directions of the Centre?
66. What does Article 365 say?
67. What is the consequence of a state failing to comply with Centre’s directions?
70. How can the President entrust executive functions of the Centre to a state government?
71. How can the governor of a state entrust executive functions to the Central government?
74. When was the Inter-State Council set up?
75. What are the All-India Services?
76. What positions do the members of these services occupy?
77. Who recruits and trains the members of All-India Services?
78. What is the ultimate control over All-India Services?
79. When was the Indian Forest Service (IFoS) created?
80. What does Article 312 authorise the Parliament to do?
81. What is the structure of these All-India Services?
82. What are the grounds on which All-India Services are supported, despite violating federalism?
83. What are the Centre–state relations in the field of public service commissions?
84. Who appoints the chairman and members of the JSPSC?
85. What kind of judicial system does the Constitution establish?
86. How does this single system of courts enforce laws?
87. What is the purpose of this single system of courts?
88. Who appoints the judges of a state high court?
89. Who can transfer and remove the judges of a state high court?
90. What can the Parliament establish regarding high courts?
91. What are the relations between the Centre and states during emergencies?
94. What are some of the non-constitutional advisory bodies?
95. What are some of the important conferences held to facilitate Centre–state consultation?
96. What articles and Part of the Constitution deal with Centre–state financial relations?
97. How does the Constitution divide the taxing powers between the Centre and the states?
99. What are some of the residuary taxes imposed by Parliament?
100. What is the distinction drawn by the Constitution regarding tax proceeds?
101. What are the restrictions placed on the taxing powers of the states?
103. What did the 80th Amendment Act of 2000 give effect to?
104. What did the 10th Finance Commission recommend regarding central taxes and duties?
105. When did the ‘Alternative Scheme of Devolution’ come into effect?
106. What did the 101st Amendment Act of 2016 pave the way for?
107. What did the Amendment provide for subsuming of various central indirect taxes and levies?
108. What did the Amendment provide for subsuming of various state indirect taxes and levies?
109. What articles were deleted by the 101st Amendment Act of 2016?
110. What does Article 268 deal with?
111. What does Article 268A deal with?
112. What does Article 269 deal with?
113. What does Article 269A deal with?
114. What does Article 270 deal with?
115. What does Article 271 deal with?
116. What is exempted from the surcharge under Article 271?
117. What are the major sources of non-tax revenues for the Centre?
118. What are the major sources of non-tax revenues for the States?
119. What does the Constitution provide for besides sharing of taxes?
120. What are the two types of grants-in-aid?
121. What does Article 275 empower the Parliament to do?
122. How are these sums charged?
123. What does the Constitution also provide for regarding specific grants?
124. On whose recommendation are the statutory grants given?
125. What does Article 282 empower?
126. What are discretionary grants?
127. What is the two-fold purpose of these grants?
128. What was the third type of grants-in-aid provided by the Constitution?
129. What was the purpose of these grants?
130. For how long were these grants to be given?
131. What did the 101st Amendment Act of 2016 provide for regarding GST administration?
132. What does Article 279-A empower?
134. What matters is the GST Council required to make recommendations on?
135. What does Article 280 provide for?
136. When is the Finance Commission constituted?
137. What matters is the Finance Commission required to make recommendations to the President on?
138. What was the Finance Commission’s role until 1960?
139. What does the Constitution envisage the Finance Commission as?
140. What does the Constitution lay down to protect the interest of states in financial matters?
141. What does the expression “tax or duty in which states are interested” mean?
142. What does the phrase ‘net proceeds’ mean?
143. Who ascertains and certifies the ‘net proceeds’ of a tax or a duty in any area?
144. What are the provisions regarding the borrowing powers of the Centre and the states?
145. What is the rule of ‘immunity from mutual taxation’ in the Indian Constitution?
146. What is the status of Central Property regarding State Taxation?
147. What does the word ‘property’ include?
148. Are corporations or companies created by the Central government immune from state taxation?
149. What is the reason for this?
150. What is the status of State Property or Income regarding Central Taxation?
151. What kind of income is exempted?
152. When can the Centre tax the commercial operations of a state?
153. What is the status of property or income of local authorities situated within a state?
155. What happens to the Centre–state financial relations during emergencies?
157. How long does such a modification continue?
158. What can the Centre direct the states to do during a Financial Emergency (under Article 360)?
159. What was the status of Centre–state relations till 1967?
160. What happened in the 1967 elections that changed the political scenario?
161. What issues did non-Congress Governments in the states raise?
162. What are the issues which created tensions and conflicts between the Centre and states?
164. What were the terms of references of the ARC?
165. Who constituted a study team under the ARC?
166. When did the ARC submit its report?
167. How many recommendations did the ARC make for improving Centre–state relations?
168. What were the important recommendations of the ARC?
169. What action was taken by the Central government on the recommendations of the ARC?
171. What was the mandate of the Rajamannar Committee?
172. When did the Rajamannar Committee submit its report?
173. What were the reasons identified by the Committee for the prevailing unitary trends?
174. What were the important recommendations of the Rajamannar Committee?
175. What action did the Central government take on the recommendations of the Rajamannar Committee?
176. When did the Akali Dal adopt a resolution containing both political and religious demands?
177. What was the Anandpur Sahib Resolution’s demand regarding the Centre’s jurisdiction?
178. What did the Anandpur Sahib Resolution state about the Constitution?
180. What were the suggestions in the West Bengal memorandum?
181. What action did the Central government take on the demands made in the memorandum?
182. When was the Sarkaria Commission appointed, and under whose chairmanship?
183. What was the mandate of the Sarkaria Commission?
184. When did the Sarkaria Commission submit its report?
185. What was the Sarkaria Commission’s stance on structural changes to the Constitution?
186. What did the Sarkaria Commission emphasize?
187. What did the Sarkaria Commission observe about federalism?
188. What did the Sarkaria Commission reject regarding the powers of the Centre?
189. How many recommendations did the Sarkaria Commission make?
190. What were the important recommendations of the Sarkaria Commission?
191. How many recommendations of the Sarkaria Commission has the Central government implemented?
192. What is the most important recommendation implemented?
193. When was the Punchhi Commission set up, and under whose chairmanship?
194. What was the mandate of the Punchhi Commission?
195. When did the Punchhi Commission submit its report?
196. What did the Punchhi Commission conclude about cooperative federalism?
197. How many recommendations did the Punchhi Commission make?
198. What are the important recommendations of the Punchhi Commission?
199. What does Article 245 deal with?
200. What does Article 246 deal with?
201. What does Article 246A deal with?
202. What does Article 247 deal with?
203. What does Article 248 deal with?
204. What does Article 249 deal with?
205. What does Article 250 deal with?
206. What does Article 251 deal with?
207. What does Article 252 deal with?
208. What does Article 253 deal with?
209. What does Article 254 deal with?
210. What does Article 255 deal with?
211. What does Article 256 deal with?
212. What does Article 257 deal with?
213. What does Article 257A deal with?
214. What does Article 258 deal with?
215. What does Article 258A deal with?
216. What does Article 259 deal with?
217. What does Article 260 deal with?
218. What does Article 261 deal with?
219. What does Article 262 deal with?
220. What does Article 263 deal with?
221. What does Article 268 deal with?
222. What does Article 268A deal with?
223. What does Article 269 deal with?
224. What does Article 269A deal with?
225. What does Article 270 deal with?
226. What does Article 271 deal with?
227. What does Article 272 deal with?
228. What does Article 273 deal with?
229. What does Article 274 deal with?
230. What does Article 275 deal with?
231. What does Article 276 deal with?
232. What does Article 277 deal with?
233. What does Article 278 deal with?
234. What does Article 279 deal with?
235. What does Article 279A deal with?
236. What does Article 280 deal with?
237. What does Article 281 deal with?
238. What does Article 282 deal with?
239. What does Article 283 deal with?
240. What does Article 284 deal with?
241. What does Article 285 deal with?
242. What does Article 286 deal with?
243. What does Article 287 deal with?
244. What does Article 288 deal with?
245. What does Article 289 deal with?
246. What does Article 290 deal with?
247. What does Article 290A deal with?
248. What does Article 291 deal with?
249. What does Article 292 deal with?
250. What does Article 293 deal with?
251. What was the States Reorganisation Act, 1956?
252. What did M.P. Jain write about in Indian Constitutional Law?
253. What was the Central Council of Local Self-Government originally known as?
254. What bodies were set up under the Acts of Parliament?
255. What was the Inter-State Council Order dated May 28, 1990?
257. What is the Inter-State Commerce Commission in the USA?
258. When did the North-Eastern Council come into existence?
259. What change was made to the North-Eastern Council in 2002?