1. How do political scientists classify governments?
2. What is a unitary government?
3. What countries have a unitary model of government?
4. What is a federal government?
5. What countries have a federal model of government?
6. What are the national and regional governments known as in a federal model?
7. What is the literal meaning of the term ‘federation’?
8. What are the two ways a federation can be formed?
9. Which country is the first and oldest federation in the world?
10. When was the US federation formed?
11. How many states does the US federation comprise?
12. When was the Canadian Federation formed?
13. What are the features of a Federal Government?
14. What are the features of a Unitary Government?
15. What kind of system of government does the Constitution of India provide for?
16. What were the two main reasons for adopting the federal system in India?
17. What does the federal system ensure and reconcile?
18. What does Article 1 of the Constitution describe India as?
19. What are the two things implied by the phrase ‘Union of States’ according to Dr. B.R. Ambedkar?
20. What is the nature of the union?
21. Which federal system model is the Indian federal system based on?
22. How does the ‘Canadian model’ differ from the ‘American model’?
23. In what aspects does the Indian federation resemble the Canadian federation?
24. What are the federal features of the Constitution?
25. What does the Constitution establish in terms of polity?
26. What powers are endowed to the Union and state governments?
27. What matters does the Union government deal with?
28. What matters do the state governments look after?
29. How is the Indian Constitution described in terms of being a written document?
30. What did the Constitution originally contain, and what does it presently consist of?
31. What does the Constitution specify and prescribe?
32. What does the Constitution avoid by being a written document?
33. How does the Constitution divide legislative powers between the Centre and the states?
34. What are the current numbers of subjects in the Union List, State List, and Concurrent List?
35. Who has exclusive powers to make laws on matters in the Union List?
36. Who has exclusive powers to make laws on matters in the State List in normal circumstances?
37. Who can make laws on matters in the Concurrent List?
38. What happens in case of a conflict between Central and state laws on the Concurrent List?
39. To whom are the residuary subjects given?
40. What is the supremacy of the Constitution?
41. What happens if laws enacted by the Centre and states do not conform to the Constitution?
42. How can the division of powers and the supremacy of the Constitution be maintained?
43. What is the requirement for amending provisions concerned with the federal structure?
44. What does the Constitution establish regarding the judiciary?
45. What are the two purposes for establishing an independent judiciary?
46. What does the Constitution provide for regarding the legislature?
47. What does the Rajya Sabha represent?
48. What does the Lok Sabha represent?
49. What is the role of the Rajya Sabha in maintaining federal equilibrium?
50. What are the unitary features of the Constitution?
51. Why is the Centre considered strong in the Indian Constitution?
52. What is the status of states’ territorial integrity in India compared to other federations?
53. How is the Indian Federation described in this context?
54. How is the American Federation described in this context?
55. Do states in India have the right to frame their own Constitution?
56. What was the only exception to the single Constitution rule?
57. How does the flexibility of the Indian Constitution compare to other federations?
58. Where does the power to initiate an amendment to the Constitution lie in India?
59. What are the three types of emergencies stipulated by the Constitution?
60. What happens to the Central government during an emergency?
61. What kind of transformation of the political system happens during an emergency?
62. What kind of citizenship does the Indian Constitution adopt despite a dual polity?
63. How does the Indian judicial system compare to the US system?
64. What are the All-India Services?
65. Who recruits and trains the members of All-India Services?
66. What is the ultimate control over All-India Services?
67. Who audits the accounts of the Central and state governments?
68. Who appoints and removes the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India?
70. What is the Parliament’s power over the State List?
71. Who appoints the governor of a state?
72. Who conducts elections to the Central legislature and state legislatures?
73. Who constitutes the Election Commission?
74. What is the Governor’s power regarding state bills?
75. What kind of veto does the President enjoy over state bills?
76. What did K.C. Wheare describe the Constitution of India as?
78. What did Paul Appleby characterise the Indian system as?
79. What did Morris Jones term the Indian system as?
80. What did Ivor Jennings describe the Indian Constitution as?
81. What did Alexandrowicz state about India?
82. What did Granville Austin call the Indian federalism?
83. What did Dr. B.R. Ambedkar observe about the Indian Constitution in the Constituent Assembly?
84. What did Dr. B.R. Ambedkar further observe about the Constitution’s flexibility?
85. What did the Supreme Court lay down in the Bommai case (1994)?
86. What did the Court observe regarding the powers of the Centre vis-a-vis the states?
87. What did the Court say about federalism in the Indian Constitution?
88. What two conflicting considerations does federalism in India represent a compromise between?
89. What trends in the working of the Indian political system reflect its federal spirit?
90. What did the American Constitution originally consist of?
91. What did the Australian Constitution originally consist of?
92. What did the Canadian Constitution originally consist of?
93. What did the 7th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1956 add?
94. What did Dr. B.R. Ambedkar say in the Constituent Assembly regarding All-India Services?
95. What did K. Santhanam write about in Union-State Relations in India?
96. What did Paul Appleby write about in Public Administration in India?
97. What did Morris Jones write about in The Government and Politics in India?
98. What did C.H. Alexandrowicz write about in Constitutional Development in India?
99. What did Granville Austin write about in The Indian Constitution—Cornerstone of a Nation?
102. What case is S.R. Bommai vs. Union of India?
103. What did Subash C. Kashyap write about in Our Parliament?