• Compulsory Licensing: Allows a government to permit someone else to produce a patented product or process without the patent owner’s consent.
  • Public Health:
    • Provides a remedy to high prices of branded drugs.
    • Allows generic manufacturers to produce affordable versions of drugs.
    • Increases availability of essential medicines in the market.
    • Crucial for public health, especially when drugs are not supplied or are unaffordable.
  • IPR Protection:
    • The compulsory license holder must still pay royalty to the patent owner.
    • This acknowledges the patent owner’s right to remuneration for their invention.
    • It is a reasonable restriction on patent rights, not an outright denial.
    • It is allowed under TRIPS to prevent abuse of patent rights.