• RBI plays a crucial role through its supervisory framework.
  • Regulatory Measures:
    • Strict Supervision: Post-2013, RBI’s strict supervision surfaced NPAs.
    • PCA Framework: Imposes restrictions on banks based on capital, asset quality, and leverage.
    • RBI Circular (June 2019): Mandated resolution strategy within 30 days of default.
    • Inter-Creditor Agreement (ICA): Required for resolution plans.
    • Additional Provisioning: Imposed penalties for delayed resolution plans.
    • Amendments to Banking Regulation Act (2017): Authorized RBI to direct insolvency process.
    • Supervisory Action Framework (SAF): Introduced for Urban Cooperative Banks.
    • PCA for NBFCs: Extended PCA framework to NBFCs.