• Definition: NPAs are assets (loans) for which interest and/or principal payments have remained overdue for more than 90 days.
  • Impact on Categorization:
    • NPAs are a key category of stressed assets.
    • Loans are classified as standard or non-performing based on payment status.
    • Once a loan becomes an NPA, it requires higher provisioning by banks.
    • This affects the bank’s capital adequacy ratio.
    • Restructured loans, though modified, are also indicative of past NPAs.