- India’s demographic cycle is about 10-30 years behind countries like China and Korea.
- This indicates a longer window of opportunity for India.
- China has already leveraged its demographic dividend.
- China moved hundreds of millions of farmers to factories.
- India’s challenge is to catch up to their per capita income levels.
- India has a large heterogeneity among states in demographic evolution.
- This creates “two Indias” with different policy concerns (aging vs. young).