- India’s Approach:
- Historically, a three-dimensional approach: growth-oriented, poverty alleviation programs, and providing basic minimum amenities.
- Shifted from “poverty alleviation” (palliative) to addressing “capability deprivation”.
- Focus on income generation rather than just income support.
- Use of schemes like MGNREGA and Aadhaar.
- Global Best Practices (implied by text):
- Multi-dimensionality of poverty is recognized globally.
- Universal Basic Services (UBS) are needed, especially in developing countries.
- Some European countries use UBI, but they have saturated public services and wealthy states.
- The text suggests India needs to focus on creating public services first.
- It emphasizes that there are no shortcuts to ending poverty.
Diagram: Poverty Trap A cycle showing: Low Economic Growth -> Low Investment -> Low Savings -> Low Income -> Low Productivity -> Low levels of Human Capital -> Low levels of Education & Healthcare -> back to Low Economic Growth. The cycle is labeled Growth on the left side (Low Investment, Low Savings, Low Income) and Development on the right side (Low Productivity, Low levels of Human Capital, Low levels of Education & Healthcare).