• Consumers:
    • Consumers pay market prices for fuel (e.g., petrol, diesel).
    • They receive direct subsidy for LPG (up to 12 cylinders).
    • For kerosene, central subsidy is eliminated, but state subsidies may exist.
    • Deregulation means prices fluctuate with global crude oil prices.
  • Economy:
    • Reduces the fiscal burden on the government.
    • Can improve market efficiency by allowing prices to reflect true costs.
    • Reduces distortions in consumption patterns.
    • Can reduce import dependency if higher prices curb demand.
    • However, higher fuel prices can contribute to inflation (cost-push).