• Self-reliance means producing goods and services domestically.
  • Example: India produced PPE kits and N-95 masks after Covid-19 crisis.
  • It aims to reduce reliance on foreign countries for critical products.
  • PLI scheme specifically aims to reduce import dependency in critical APIs.
  • Commercial coal mining aims to reduce coal imports.
  • This strengthens domestic production capacity.
  • It makes the country less vulnerable to external shocks and supply disruptions.