• Trader Resistance: Major challenge in making traders move online from physical, cash-based transactions.
  • Quality Verification: Difficulty in knowing quality of produce when farmers/traders are in different places.
    • Requires quality labs and online quality certificates.
    • Traders still prefer physical verification.
  • Storage Capacity: Farmers still need to bring produce to mandi, and it takes time for traders to take it.
  • Payment Mechanism: Traders need to make online payments before taking produce.
  • Limited Adoption: Less than 5% of wholesale trade shifted online since 2016.
  • Inter-mandi/Inter-state Trade: Remained a non-starter.