• Funding: Requires huge investments.
  • Implementation:
    • Poorly designed PPP frameworks.
    • Existing contracts focus on fiscal benefits over efficient service.
    • Neglecting principles of risk allocation.
    • Government shifting responsibilities (land acquisition, clearances) to private parties.
    • Lack of structure for renegotiation of projects.
    • Reckless bidding by private parties.
  • Maintenance: The text implies challenges in maintaining roads, as it mentions private parties are selected to build, maintain, and operate.