• Patents:
    • Requires minimum protection for inventions.
    • Allows member countries to determine grounds for compulsory licenses.
  • Copyrights:
    • Based on Berne Convention for protection of literary and artistic works.
    • Ensures protection for “expression of ideas”.
  • Trademarks:
    • Ensures protection for brand names and product logos.
  • TRIPS sets minimum standards for these IPRs and mandates their enforcement.