• Economic Growth (GDP): Increase in a country’s capacity to produce goods and services.
  • Economic Development: Broader concept, reflects social and economic progress.
  • Economic growth is necessary for development but not sufficient.
  • Development includes better health, education, infrastructure, poverty reduction.
  • Human Capital: Human resources (like students) turned into productive assets (engineers, doctors).
  • It considers education and health as means to increase labor productivity.
  • Human Development: Based on the idea that education and health are integral to well-being.
  • It focuses on people’s ability to read, write, and lead healthy lives.
  • Higher human capital can lead to higher income growth.
  • Higher income can also lead to building high levels of human capital.