• Regulation:
    • E-commerce firms can operate under marketplace or inventory-based models.
    • 100% FDI allowed in marketplace model, but not in inventory-based.
    • Government clarified FDI policy in Dec 2019 to prevent skewing the playing field.
    • Vendors with e-commerce company stake cannot sell on that portal.
    • Firms cannot mandate exclusive selling or influence product prices.
  • Promotion:
    • E-commerce is seen as an excellent platform for MSMEs to expand.
    • It opens global markets for various product categories.
    • Amazon partnered with Indian MSMEs to help them sell online.
    • The text mentions India has not been a party to WTO e-commerce negotiations.