• High-Speed Rail (HSR):
    • Using conventional technology to increase speed on existing corridors (160-200 km/hr).
    • Building new advanced high-speed corridors (up to 350 km/hr).
  • Dedicated Freight Corridors (DFCs):
    • Building separate tracks for freight trains.
    • Aims for higher speeds (70 kmph average) and double stacking containers.
    • Will decongest existing tracks for passenger trains.
  • Railway Platform Modernization:
    • Redevelopment of stations through PPP, foreign collaborations, Swiss Challenge.
  • Rail Development Authority (RDA):
    • Regulatory body to set tariffs, ensure fair competition, set efficiency standards.
  • Private Player Operations: Allowing private players to operate in Railways through PPP mode.
  • Bibek Debroy Committee Report: Recommended separating Railway Infrastructure Corporation (RIC) and Indian Railway Trains (IRT).