- Poverty: Large population below poverty line, lacking education and skills for formal jobs.
- Employment: Low quality and quantity of employment, over-dependency on agriculture.
- Informal Sector: Over 90% of labor in unorganized sector with low wages and no social security.
- Agriculture: 43% population dependent on agriculture, contributing only 16% of GDP.
- Low Productivity: Disguised unemployment, fragmented land holdings, monsoon dependency.
- Social Development: Low public expenditure on health, poor primary education, gender disparities, malnutrition.
- Regional Disparities: Uneven development across states, leading to income gaps.
- Unfulfilled Aspirations: Economic exclusion leading to social problems (theft, naxalism).
- Jobless Growth: Not enough well-paid jobs created for youth.
- Resource Allocation: Government spending on subsidies rather than health and education.