- General Causes:
- Indian entrepreneurs investing only in capital-intensive or high-skill businesses.
- These sectors do not create well-paid jobs for those at the bottom of the pyramid.
- Lack of well-paid jobs for those migrating from agriculture.
- Over 90% of workforce in informal/unorganized sector with low productivity.
- Rural Areas:
- Disguised unemployment in agriculture, where people are redundant.
- Lack of sufficient non-farm opportunities.
- Urban Areas:
- People with low skills/education migrating from rural areas.
- Taking up low-paying, low-skill jobs despite having some skills.
- Part-time workers preferring full-time hours.