The Supreme Court laid down propositions regarding rights of minority educational institutions: (a) “minority” under Article 30 refers to linguistic and religious minorities state-wise; (b) Article 30(1) covers professional educational institutions; (c) State cannot regulate admissions to unaided minority institutions (except for qualifications); (d) Right to administer is not absolute, subject to regulatory measures; (e) Aided institutions are governed by Article 29(2) and cannot refuse admission based on religion/caste; (f) Common entrance test may be stipulated for aided professional institutions; (g) Minority institutions can have their own admission procedures, but must be fair, transparent, and merit-based.