According to Dr. B.L. Wadehra, the reasons are: (i) Near collapse of responsible government when Legislature and Executive fail to discharge functions. (ii) Citizens looking to the judiciary for protection of rights and freedoms. (iii) Judicial enthusiasm of judges to participate in social reforms. (iv) Legislative vacuum in certain areas, leading courts to indulge in judicial legislation. (v) The Constitution itself provides scope for judiciary to legislate or play an active role.