11. What are the constitutional provisions that explicitly confer the power of judicial review on the Supreme Court and High Courts

The provisions include:

1. Article 13: Declares laws inconsistent with Fundamental Rights as null and void.
2. Article 32: Guarantees right to move Supreme Court for Fundamental Rights enforcement and empowers it to issue writs.
3. Article 131: Provides original jurisdiction for Centre–state and inter-state disputes.
4. Article 132: Provides appellate jurisdiction in constitutional cases.
5. Article 133: Provides appellate jurisdiction in civil cases.
6. Article 134: Provides appellate jurisdiction in criminal cases.
7. Article 134-A: Deals with certificate for appeal to Supreme Court from High Courts.
8. Article 135: Empowers Supreme Court to exercise Federal Court jurisdiction/powers under pre-constitution law.
9. Article 136: Authorizes Supreme Court to grant special leave to appeal from any court/tribunal (except military).
10. Article 143: Authorizes President to seek Supreme Court opinion on law/fact questions and pre-constitution legal matters.
11. Article 226: Empowers High Courts to issue directions/orders/writs for Fundamental Rights enforcement and other purposes.
12. Article 227: Vests High Courts with superintendence over all courts/tribunals (except military).
13. Article 245: Deals with territorial extent of laws made by Parliament/State Legislatures.
14. Article 246: Deals with subject matter of laws made by Parliament/State Legislatures (Union, State, Concurrent Lists).
15. Articles 251 and 254: Provide that central law prevails over state law in case of conflict, making state law void.
16. Article 372: Deals with continuance in force of pre-constitution laws.