1. What was the 97th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2011 primarily about, and what three changes did it introduce to the Constitution

The 97th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2011 granted constitutional status and protection to co-operative societies. It introduced three changes:

1. Made the right to form co-operative societies a fundamental right (Article 19(1)(c)).
2. Included a new Directive Principle of State Policy on the promotion of co-operative societies (Article 43-B).
3. Added a new Part IX-B to the Constitution, titled “The Co-operative Societies” (Articles 243-ZH to 243-ZT).