• Definition: Monetization of deficit is when the government finances its deficit directly from RBI.
  • RBI prints currency and gives it to the government in return for bonds.
  • It creates a debt on the Government of India.
  • Implementation:
    • Before 1997, GoI used to issue ad hoc Treasury Bills to RBI.
    • This practice was stopped in 1997.
    • FRBM Act 2003 also prohibits direct monetization.
    • It is allowed only in exceptional circumstances.