• Industry 4.0: The fourth industrial revolution.
  • Rooted in digitalization, building on the third industrial revolution.
  • Characterized by merging technology blurring physical, digital, and biological spheres.
  • Aims for end-to-end digitization of all physical assets.
  • Integrates assets into digital ecosystems with value chain partners.
  • Driven by big data, high computing, AI, and analytics.
  • Relation to Smart Manufacturing:
    • Industry 4.0 is the next phase in bringing together conventional and modern technologies.
    • It creates “smart factories”.
    • Smart factories have digitally connected machines that learn from data.
    • These machines can make autonomous decisions.