• Definition: Subsidies are costs incurred by the government through budgetary resources.
  • They are for the provision of goods not classified as “public goods”.
  • Reasons for Implementation:
    • To help the poor by giving various kinds of support.
    • To fight inflation and price volatility (e.g., price subsidies).
    • To achieve social equity and economic growth.
    • To incentivize certain economic activities (e.g., fertilizer subsidy for agriculture).