- IMF (International Monetary Fund):
- Roles: Monitors exchange rates, lends reserve currencies, provides technical assistance, policy advice.
- Objectives: Promote international monetary cooperation, assist members with Balance of Payment problems, ensure exchange rate stability, ensure balanced international trade, minimize currency convertibility restrictions, surveillance of economic policies.
- World Bank (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development - IBRD & International Development Association - IDA):
- Roles: Provides long-term loans, credits, and grants; technical assistance; political risk insurance (MIGA); dispute settlement (ICSID).
- Objectives: Reconstruction of war-affected countries (historically), promote development to raise living standards, eliminate poverty, promote investment in developing countries.