- Primitive Subsistence Farming:
- Practised on small patches of land with primitive tools.
- Depends on monsoon, natural soil fertility.
- Farmers clear land, produce cereals for family.
- Shift to new land when soil fertility decreases.
- Low land productivity.
- Example: Practised in few pockets of India.
- Intensive Subsistence Farming:
- Practised in areas of high population pressure on land.
- Labour intensive, uses high biochemical inputs and irrigation.
- Aims for higher production from limited land.
- Example: Farmers taking maximum output from uneconomical landholdings.
- Commercial Farming:
- Uses higher doses of modern inputs (HYV seeds, fertilizers, pesticides).
- Aims for higher productivity.
- Degree of commercialization varies by region.
- Example: Rice is commercial in Haryana/Punjab, subsistence in Odisha.
- Plantation Farming:
- Type of commercial farming, single crop grown on large area.
- Interface of agriculture and industry, capital intensive.
- Produce used as raw material in industries.
- Example: Tea, coffee, rubber, sugarcane.