- Lorenz Curve: Represents inequality of wealth distribution.
- Gini Coefficient: Measures income distribution, ranging from 0 (perfect equality) to 1 (perfect inequality).
- Kuznets Curve: Graphs economic inequality against per capita income over development.
- Human Development Index (HDI): Summary measure of achievement in human development.
- Other indicators mentioned in context: Health, education, life expectancy, infant mortality, birth and death rates, fertility rates, crime, drug usage, mental health.