• To produce output, any enterprise requires inputs.
  • These inputs are broadly divided into four categories.
  • They are called the four “factors of production” or “inputs of production”.
Entrepreneur
  • The person who takes the risk to start a new business.
  • Brings together capital, labor, and natural resources.
  • Expects “Profit” in return.
  • The entrepreneur is a human being from the household sector.
Capital
  • Includes physical assets like buildings, machinery, equipment.
  • From an economic view, only physical capital goods are considered.
  • The return for capital is called “Interest”.
Natural Resources
  • Includes land and raw materials.
  • These are naturally available and not man-made.
  • The return for natural resources is called “Rent”.
Labour
  • Refers to human labor, which can be physical or mental.
  • It can be unskilled, semi-skilled, or skilled.
  • When labor is provided, the return is “wages”.
  • The laborer is a human being from the household sector.

INDIAN ECONOMY by VIVEK SINGH 7th EDITION_unlocked